TY - JOUR
T1 - Utility of the Pain Medication Questionnaire to Predict Aberrant Urine Drug Tests
T2 - Results From a Longitudinal Cohort Study
AU - Morasco, Benjamin J.
AU - Iacocca, Megan O.
AU - Lovejoy, Travis I.
AU - Dobscha, Steven K.
AU - Deyo, Richard A.
AU - Cavese, Julie A.
AU - Hyde, Stephanie
AU - Yarborough, Bobbi Jo H.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, Psychological Services. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Identifying patients at risk of misusing prescription opioids is a priority. Standardized risk measures exist, but prior research has been limited in an assessment of their utility by a reliance on cross-sectional or retrospective analyses. In this study, the Pain Medication Questionnaire (PMQ), a standardized selfreport measure of risk for prescription opioid misuse, was used to predict aberrant urine drug test (UDT) results over the subsequent 24 months. At baseline, participants who were prescribed long-term opioid therapy completed self-report measures assessing pain, function, and quality of life; this also included the PMQ. Medical record data were abstracted for 24 months postbaseline to collect results of UDTs administered during clinical care. Among participants, 12.9% had a UDT result that was positive for a nonprescribed or illicit substance, 18.9% had an aberrant negative UDT result, 3.6% had aberrant positive and negative UDT results, and the remaining 64.6% had expected UDT results. Average PMQ score at baseline did not significantly differ based on participants’ type of UDT result over 24 months of follow-up. Participant variables that were significantly associated with a subsequent aberrant positive UDT were higher prescription opioid dose and hazardous alcohol use; those associated with an aberrant negative UDT were lower prescription opioid dose and hazardous alcohol use; no variable was associated with combined positive and negative UDT results. In conclusion, total PMQ score was not predictive of aberrant positive or negative UDT results.
AB - Identifying patients at risk of misusing prescription opioids is a priority. Standardized risk measures exist, but prior research has been limited in an assessment of their utility by a reliance on cross-sectional or retrospective analyses. In this study, the Pain Medication Questionnaire (PMQ), a standardized selfreport measure of risk for prescription opioid misuse, was used to predict aberrant urine drug test (UDT) results over the subsequent 24 months. At baseline, participants who were prescribed long-term opioid therapy completed self-report measures assessing pain, function, and quality of life; this also included the PMQ. Medical record data were abstracted for 24 months postbaseline to collect results of UDTs administered during clinical care. Among participants, 12.9% had a UDT result that was positive for a nonprescribed or illicit substance, 18.9% had an aberrant negative UDT result, 3.6% had aberrant positive and negative UDT results, and the remaining 64.6% had expected UDT results. Average PMQ score at baseline did not significantly differ based on participants’ type of UDT result over 24 months of follow-up. Participant variables that were significantly associated with a subsequent aberrant positive UDT were higher prescription opioid dose and hazardous alcohol use; those associated with an aberrant negative UDT were lower prescription opioid dose and hazardous alcohol use; no variable was associated with combined positive and negative UDT results. In conclusion, total PMQ score was not predictive of aberrant positive or negative UDT results.
KW - Long-term opioid therapy
KW - Pain medication questionnaire
KW - Prescription opioid misuse
KW - Urine drug testing
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U2 - 10.1037/ser0000471
DO - 10.1037/ser0000471
M3 - Article
C2 - 32673038
AN - SCOPUS:85088447802
SN - 1541-1559
VL - 18
SP - 319
EP - 327
JO - Psychological Services
JF - Psychological Services
IS - 3
ER -