Upper airway obstruction in children

Upper airway obstruction in children is a serious and potentially life- threatening problem. There are numerous possible etiologies; the clinician should arrive at the correct diagnosis to avoid complications. The history of onset and the physical findings of stridor and work of breathing will direct the focus of diagnostic studies. Endoscopy remains the best way to see the lesion, make the diagnosis, and plan therapy. However, radiology provides important clues and can be used to differentiate croup vs. supra-glottitis. This article reviews, from a surgeon's standpoint, current strategies for evaluation and management of pediatric upper airway obstruction commonly seen in the intensive care setting.