TY - JOUR
T1 - The physiogy of the axon initial segment
AU - Bender, Kevin J.
AU - Trussell, Laurence O.
PY - 2012/7
Y1 - 2012/7
N2 - The action potential generally begins in the axon initial segment (AIS), a principle confirmed by 60 years of research; however, the most recent advances have shown that a very rich biology underlies this simple observation. The AIS has a remarkably complex molecular composition, with a wide variety of ion channels and attendant mechanisms for channel localization, and may feature membrane domains each with distinct roles in excitation. Its function may be regulated in the short term through the action of neurotransmitters, in the long term through activity-andCa2+-dependent processes. Thus, the AIS is not merely the beginning of the axon, but rather a key site in the control of neuronal excitability.
AB - The action potential generally begins in the axon initial segment (AIS), a principle confirmed by 60 years of research; however, the most recent advances have shown that a very rich biology underlies this simple observation. The AIS has a remarkably complex molecular composition, with a wide variety of ion channels and attendant mechanisms for channel localization, and may feature membrane domains each with distinct roles in excitation. Its function may be regulated in the short term through the action of neurotransmitters, in the long term through activity-andCa2+-dependent processes. Thus, the AIS is not merely the beginning of the axon, but rather a key site in the control of neuronal excitability.
KW - action potential
KW - ion channel
KW - neuromodulation
KW - structural plasticity
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U2 - 10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150339
DO - 10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150339
M3 - Review article
C2 - 22443507
AN - SCOPUS:84862678628
SN - 0147-006X
VL - 35
SP - 249
EP - 265
JO - Annual Review of Neuroscience
JF - Annual Review of Neuroscience
ER -