Nail changes due to diabetes and other endocrinopathies

Most endocrine-associated nail disorders are non-specified but can provide valuable clues for diagnosis of some endocrine disorders. The nail effects of diabetes, thyroid disorders, parathyroid dysfunction, adrenal and ovarian dysfunction are discussed in relation to nail health and pathology. Diabetes mellitus affects many organ systems including skin and nails. The lower extremity consequences of diabetes is related to the poor peripheral circulation, neuropathy, and immunopathy. Sharp brittle nails can puncture the adjacent skin and escape notice due to the lack of sensation in the feet resulting in potential limb-threatening bacterial infections. Thyroid, adrenal, and ovarian hormones affect the nails in many ways, and various endocrine abnormalities with nail manifestations are reviewed.