@article{43f1bf74eb07481aa76201f1680ab15c,
title = "Glucose management for exercise using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM) systems in type 1 diabetes: position statement of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) endorsed by JDRF and supported by the American Diabetes Association (ADA)",
abstract = "Physical exercise is an important component in the management of type 1 diabetes across the lifespan. Yet, acute exercise increases the risk of dysglycaemia, and the direction of glycaemic excursions depends, to some extent, on the intensity and duration of the type of exercise. Understandably, fear of hypoglycaemia is one of the strongest barriers to incorporating exercise into daily life. Risk of hypoglycaemia during and after exercise can be lowered when insulin-dose adjustments are made and/or additional carbohydrates are consumed. Glycaemic management during exercise has been made easier with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) systems; however, because of the complexity of CGM and isCGM systems, both individuals with type 1 diabetes and their healthcare professionals may struggle with the interpretation of given information to maximise the technological potential for effective use around exercise (ie, before, during and after). This position statement highlights the recent advancements in CGM and isCGM technology, with a focus on the evidence base for their efficacy to sense glucose around exercise and adaptations in the use of these emerging tools, and updates the guidance for exercise in adults, children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.",
keywords = "Adolescents, Adults, CGM, Children, Continuous glucose monitoring, Exercise, Physical activity, Position statement, Type 1 diabetes",
author = "Othmar Moser and Riddell, {Michael C.} and Eckstein, {Max L.} and Peter Adolfsson and R{\'e}mi Rabasa-Lhoret and {van den Boom}, Louisa and Pieter Gillard and Kirsten N{\o}rgaard and Oliver, {Nick S.} and Zaharieva, {Dessi P.} and Tadej Battelino and {de Beaufort}, Carine and Bergenstal, {Richard M.} and Bruce Buckingham and Eda Cengiz and Asma Deeb and Tim Heise and Simon Heller and Kowalski, {Aaron J.} and Lalantha Leelarathna and Chantal Mathieu and Christoph Stettler and Martin Tauschmann and Hood Thabit and Wilmot, {Emma G.} and Harald Sourij and Smart, {Carmel E.} and Jacobs, {Peter G.} and Bracken, {Richard M.} and Mader, {Julia K.}",
note = "Funding Information: We want to thank P. Choudhary (King{\textquoteright}s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King{\textquoteright}s College London, London, UK), S. Gray (Campuslife, Swansea University, Swansea, UK), S. Hofer (Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria), M. Sauer (Energie Graz GmbH & Co KG, Graz, Austria) and D. J. West (Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK) for critical assessment of the manuscript before submission. We want to thank F. Aziz, A. Mueller and C. Unteregger (all Cardiovascular Diabetology Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria) for the support with the production of figures and tables. Funding Information: OM has received lecture fees from Medtronic, travel grants from Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk AT, Novo Nordisk UK and Medtronic AT, research grants from S{\^e}r Cymru II COFUND fellowship/European Union, Sanofi‐Aventis, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk AT, Dexcom Inc., as well as material funding from Abbott Diabetes Care. MCR has received speaker{\textquoteright}s honorarium from Medtronic and Insulet and has served on advisory boards for Dexcom, Sanofi and Eli Lilly. MLE has received a KESS2/European Social Fund scholarship and travel grants from Novo Nordisk A/S and Sanofi‐Aventis. PA has received research support or advisory board fees from Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk and Roche, funding from Research and Development, Region Halland, and is an employee of Region Halland. RRL reports having received a consumable gift (in kind) from Medtronic. KN is a shareholder of Novo Nordisk, has received research support from Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostics and Zealand Pharma, has received lecture fees from Medtronic, Roche Diagnostics, Rubin Medical, Sanofi, Zealand Pharma, Novo Nordisk and Bayer, and has served on advisory panels for Medtronic, Abbott and Novo Nordisk. NSO has received honoraria for speaking and advisory board participation from Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Medtronic Diabetes and Roche Diabetes. DPZ has received speaker{\textquoteright}s honoraria from Medtronic Diabetes, Ascensia Diabetes and Insulet Corporation. TB has received honoraria for participation on advisory boards for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Eli Lilly, Boehringer, Medtronic and Bayer HealthCare, and as a speaker for AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Bayer, Novo Nordisk, Medtronic, Sanofi and Roche, and owns stocks of DreaMed Diabetes. CDB has received speaker honoraria from MiniMed Medtronic and is a member of its European Psychology Advisory Board. RMBe has received research support from, consulted for or has been on a scientific advisory board for Abbott Diabetes Care, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Onduo, Roche, Sanofi and United HealthCare. BB received grant support and advisory board fees from Medtronic Diabetes and ConvaTec, grant support and presentation fees from Insulet, advisory board fees from Novo Nordisk and Profusa, grant support from Eli Lilly, grant support and equipment from Dexcom, and is holding patent 61 197 230 on a hypoglycaemia prediction algorithm. EC is a scientific advisory board member/consultant for Novo Nordisk, Adocia, MannKind, Lexicon and Arecor, and a speaker for Novo Nordisk. TH is a shareholder of Profil, which has received research funds from Adocia, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dance Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, MedImmune, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Mylan, Nordic Bioscience, Novo Nordisk, Poxel, Roche Diagnostics, Saniona, Sanofi, Senseonics and Zealand Pharma. SH has served as a consultant or speaker for Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Takeda, Boehringer Ingelheim, Mannkind, Sanofi‐Aventis, Zealand Pharma and UN‐EEG. LL reports having received speaker honoraria from Animas, Abbott, Insulet, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Roche and Sanofi, serving on advisory panels for Animas, Abbott, Novo Nordisk, Dexcom, Medtronic, Sanofi, and Roche, and research support from Novo Nordisk and Dexcom. CM serves or has served on the advisory panel for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Hanmi Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Medtronic, ActoBio Therapeutics, Pfizer, Dianax and UCB. CS reports having received speaker honoraria from Medtronic and Ypsomed, and serving on advisory panels for Novo Nordisk, Medtronic, Roche and Sanofi. MT has received speaker honoraria from MiniMed Medtronic and Novo Nordisk. EGW has received personal fees from Abbott Diabetes Care, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi‐Aventis. HS has received honoraria, travel support or unrestricted research grants by Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi‐Aventis. PGJ has a financial interest in Pacific Diabetes Technologies Inc., a company that may have a commercial interest in the results of this research and technology. RMBr has received honoraria as well as travel and educational grant support from Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi‐Aventis. JKM is a member of the advisory board of Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Medtronic, Prediktor A/S, Roche Diabetes Care and Sanofi, and received speaker honoraria from Abbott Diabetes Care, AstraZeneca, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, Medtronic, Merk Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk A/S, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi, Servier and Takeda. The remaining authors have no relevant conflicts of interest to disclose. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Authors. Pediatric Diabetes published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",
year = "2020",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1111/pedi.13105",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "21",
pages = "1375--1393",
journal = "Pediatric Diabetes",
issn = "1399-543X",
publisher = "Blackwell Munksgaard",
number = "8",
}