TY - JOUR
T1 - Fatty acid biomarkers of dairy fat consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes
T2 - A pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies
AU - InterAct Consortium
AU - Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE)
AU - Imamura, Fumiaki
AU - Fretts, Amanda
AU - Marklund, Matti
AU - Ardisson Korat, Andres V.
AU - Yang, Wei Sin
AU - Lankinen, Maria
AU - Qureshi, Waqas
AU - Helmer, Catherine
AU - Chen, Tzu An
AU - Wong, Kerry
AU - Bassett, Julie K.
AU - Murphy, Rachel
AU - Tintle, Nathan
AU - Yu, Chaoyu Ian
AU - Brouwer, Ingeborg A.
AU - Chien, Kuo Liong
AU - Frazier-Wood, Alexis C.
AU - del Gobbo, Liana C.
AU - Djoussé, Luc
AU - Geleijnse, Johanna M.
AU - Giles, Graham G.
AU - de Goede, Janette
AU - Gudnason, Vilmundur
AU - Harris, William S.
AU - Hodge, Allison
AU - Hu, Frank
AU - Koulman, Albert
AU - Laakso, Markku
AU - Lind, Lars
AU - Lin, Hung Ju
AU - McKnight, Barbara
AU - Rajaobelina, Kalina
AU - Risérus, Ulf
AU - Robinson, Jennifer G.
AU - Samieri, Cécilia
AU - Siscovick, David S.
AU - Soedamah-Muthu, Sabita S.
AU - Sotoodehnia, Nona
AU - Sun, Qi
AU - Tsai, Michael Y.
AU - Uusitupa, Matti
AU - Wagenknecht, Lynne E.
AU - Wareham, Nick J.
AU - Wu, Jason H.Y.
AU - Micha, Renata
AU - Forouhi, Nita G.
AU - Lemaitre, Rozenn N.
AU - Mozaffarian, Dariush
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Imamura et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
PY - 2018/10
Y1 - 2018/10
N2 - Background: We aimed to investigate prospective associations of circulating or adipose tissue odd-chain fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 and trans-palmitoleic acid, t16:1n-7, as potential biomarkers of dairy fat intake, with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods and findings: Sixteen prospective cohorts from 12 countries (7 from the United States, 7 from Europe, 1 from Australia, 1 from Taiwan) performed new harmonised individual-level analysis for the prospective associations according to a standardised plan. In total, 63,682 participants with a broad range of baseline ages and BMIs and 15,180 incident cases of T2D over the average of 9 years of follow-up were evaluated. Study-specific results were pooled using inverse-variance–weighted meta-analysis. Prespecified interactions by age, sex, BMI, and race/ethnicity were explored in each cohort and were meta-analysed. Potential heterogeneity by cohort-specific characteristics (regions, lipid compartments used for fatty acid assays) was assessed with metaregression. After adjustment for potential confounders, including measures of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference) and lipogenesis (levels of palmitate, triglycerides), higher levels of 15:0, 17:0, and t16:1n-7 were associated with lower incidence of T2D. In the most adjusted model, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for incident T2D per cohort-specific 10th to 90th percentile range of 15:0 was 0.80 (0.73–0.87); of 17:0, 0.65 (0.59–0.72); of t16:1n7, 0.82 (0.70–0.96); and of their sum, 0.71 (0.63–0.79). In exploratory analyses, similar associations for 15:0, 17:0, and the sum of all three fatty acids were present in both genders but stronger in women than in men (pinteraction < 0.001). Whereas studying associations with biomarkers has several advantages, as limitations, the biomarkers do not distinguish between different food sources of dairy fat (e.g., cheese, yogurt, milk), and residual confounding by unmeasured or imprecisely measured confounders may exist. Conclusions: In a large meta-analysis that pooled the findings from 16 prospective cohort studies, higher levels of 15:0, 17:0, and t16:1n-7 were associated with a lower risk of T2D.
AB - Background: We aimed to investigate prospective associations of circulating or adipose tissue odd-chain fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 and trans-palmitoleic acid, t16:1n-7, as potential biomarkers of dairy fat intake, with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods and findings: Sixteen prospective cohorts from 12 countries (7 from the United States, 7 from Europe, 1 from Australia, 1 from Taiwan) performed new harmonised individual-level analysis for the prospective associations according to a standardised plan. In total, 63,682 participants with a broad range of baseline ages and BMIs and 15,180 incident cases of T2D over the average of 9 years of follow-up were evaluated. Study-specific results were pooled using inverse-variance–weighted meta-analysis. Prespecified interactions by age, sex, BMI, and race/ethnicity were explored in each cohort and were meta-analysed. Potential heterogeneity by cohort-specific characteristics (regions, lipid compartments used for fatty acid assays) was assessed with metaregression. After adjustment for potential confounders, including measures of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference) and lipogenesis (levels of palmitate, triglycerides), higher levels of 15:0, 17:0, and t16:1n-7 were associated with lower incidence of T2D. In the most adjusted model, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for incident T2D per cohort-specific 10th to 90th percentile range of 15:0 was 0.80 (0.73–0.87); of 17:0, 0.65 (0.59–0.72); of t16:1n7, 0.82 (0.70–0.96); and of their sum, 0.71 (0.63–0.79). In exploratory analyses, similar associations for 15:0, 17:0, and the sum of all three fatty acids were present in both genders but stronger in women than in men (pinteraction < 0.001). Whereas studying associations with biomarkers has several advantages, as limitations, the biomarkers do not distinguish between different food sources of dairy fat (e.g., cheese, yogurt, milk), and residual confounding by unmeasured or imprecisely measured confounders may exist. Conclusions: In a large meta-analysis that pooled the findings from 16 prospective cohort studies, higher levels of 15:0, 17:0, and t16:1n-7 were associated with a lower risk of T2D.
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U2 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002670
DO - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002670
M3 - Article
C2 - 30303968
AN - SCOPUS:85054773258
SN - 1549-1277
VL - 15
JO - PLoS Medicine
JF - PLoS Medicine
IS - 10
M1 - e1002670
ER -