Abstract
Objective: We tested whether AR-R 17477, a selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, reduces brain injury in rats subjected to permanent focal ischemia. Design: Randomized within cohort; nonblinded study. Setting: University basic science laboratory. Subjects: Halothane- anesthetized male Wistar rats (n = 53). Interventions: Rats were treated with either intravenous saline (diluent) or AR-R 17477 (1 or 3 mg/kg) 30 mins before or 60 mins after the onset of permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Infarction volume was determined at 18 or 48 hrs of ischemia. Measurements and Main Results: Pretreatment with 1 mg/kg AR-R 17477 was associated with a decreased infarct volume (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining) in the striatum (saline, 81 ± 7 mm3; AR-R 17477, 55 ± 3 mm3) but not in the cortex at 18 hrs of occlusion (saline, 302 ± 29 mm3; AR-R 17477, 237 ± 36 mm3). However, this therapeutic effect of AR-R 17477 was no longer evident if the rats were allowed to survive for 48 hrs before analysis of infarction volume. In fact, in this separate cohort of animals, three of eight AR-R 17477-treated and five of eight saline-treated rats died before completing 48 hrs of ischemia. Efficacy of AR-R 17477 was completely absent (even at 18 hrs of ischemia) when drug treatment was delayed until 1 hr after the onset of ischemia. Infarction volume at 18 hrs of ischemia was similar between rats treated with saline, 1 mg/kg (cortex, 229 ± 43 mm3; striatum, 67 ± 8 mm3) or 3 mg/kg AR-R 17477 (cortex, 284 ± 34 mm3; striatum, 75 ± 5 mm3). In addition, only one of eight rats treated with 3 mg/kg AR-R 17477 at 1 hr of ischemia survived 48 hrs of occlusion, compared with three of eight rats treated with saline. Conclusions: Neuronally generated nitric oxide is a mediator of brain injury during permanent focal ischemia in rats. However, severity of the ischemic insult appears to limit the therapeutic efficacy of the specific neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, AR-R 17477.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 2508-2511 |
| Number of pages | 4 |
| Journal | Critical Care Medicine |
| Volume | 27 |
| Issue number | 11 |
| State | Published - 1999 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Blood pressure
- Blood-brain barrier penetration
- Brain injury
- Cerebral infarction
- Injury progression
- Intravascular occlusion
- Middle cerebral artery occlusion
- Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor
- Rodent
- Stroke
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
Cite this
Effect of AR-R 17477, a potent neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on infarction volume resulting from permanent focal ischemia in rats. / Harukuni, Izumi; Traystman, Richard J.; Kirsch, Jeffrey.
In: Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 11, 1999, p. 2508-2511.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of AR-R 17477, a potent neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on infarction volume resulting from permanent focal ischemia in rats
AU - Harukuni, Izumi
AU - Traystman, Richard J.
AU - Kirsch, Jeffrey
PY - 1999
Y1 - 1999
N2 - Objective: We tested whether AR-R 17477, a selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, reduces brain injury in rats subjected to permanent focal ischemia. Design: Randomized within cohort; nonblinded study. Setting: University basic science laboratory. Subjects: Halothane- anesthetized male Wistar rats (n = 53). Interventions: Rats were treated with either intravenous saline (diluent) or AR-R 17477 (1 or 3 mg/kg) 30 mins before or 60 mins after the onset of permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Infarction volume was determined at 18 or 48 hrs of ischemia. Measurements and Main Results: Pretreatment with 1 mg/kg AR-R 17477 was associated with a decreased infarct volume (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining) in the striatum (saline, 81 ± 7 mm3; AR-R 17477, 55 ± 3 mm3) but not in the cortex at 18 hrs of occlusion (saline, 302 ± 29 mm3; AR-R 17477, 237 ± 36 mm3). However, this therapeutic effect of AR-R 17477 was no longer evident if the rats were allowed to survive for 48 hrs before analysis of infarction volume. In fact, in this separate cohort of animals, three of eight AR-R 17477-treated and five of eight saline-treated rats died before completing 48 hrs of ischemia. Efficacy of AR-R 17477 was completely absent (even at 18 hrs of ischemia) when drug treatment was delayed until 1 hr after the onset of ischemia. Infarction volume at 18 hrs of ischemia was similar between rats treated with saline, 1 mg/kg (cortex, 229 ± 43 mm3; striatum, 67 ± 8 mm3) or 3 mg/kg AR-R 17477 (cortex, 284 ± 34 mm3; striatum, 75 ± 5 mm3). In addition, only one of eight rats treated with 3 mg/kg AR-R 17477 at 1 hr of ischemia survived 48 hrs of occlusion, compared with three of eight rats treated with saline. Conclusions: Neuronally generated nitric oxide is a mediator of brain injury during permanent focal ischemia in rats. However, severity of the ischemic insult appears to limit the therapeutic efficacy of the specific neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, AR-R 17477.
AB - Objective: We tested whether AR-R 17477, a selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, reduces brain injury in rats subjected to permanent focal ischemia. Design: Randomized within cohort; nonblinded study. Setting: University basic science laboratory. Subjects: Halothane- anesthetized male Wistar rats (n = 53). Interventions: Rats were treated with either intravenous saline (diluent) or AR-R 17477 (1 or 3 mg/kg) 30 mins before or 60 mins after the onset of permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Infarction volume was determined at 18 or 48 hrs of ischemia. Measurements and Main Results: Pretreatment with 1 mg/kg AR-R 17477 was associated with a decreased infarct volume (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining) in the striatum (saline, 81 ± 7 mm3; AR-R 17477, 55 ± 3 mm3) but not in the cortex at 18 hrs of occlusion (saline, 302 ± 29 mm3; AR-R 17477, 237 ± 36 mm3). However, this therapeutic effect of AR-R 17477 was no longer evident if the rats were allowed to survive for 48 hrs before analysis of infarction volume. In fact, in this separate cohort of animals, three of eight AR-R 17477-treated and five of eight saline-treated rats died before completing 48 hrs of ischemia. Efficacy of AR-R 17477 was completely absent (even at 18 hrs of ischemia) when drug treatment was delayed until 1 hr after the onset of ischemia. Infarction volume at 18 hrs of ischemia was similar between rats treated with saline, 1 mg/kg (cortex, 229 ± 43 mm3; striatum, 67 ± 8 mm3) or 3 mg/kg AR-R 17477 (cortex, 284 ± 34 mm3; striatum, 75 ± 5 mm3). In addition, only one of eight rats treated with 3 mg/kg AR-R 17477 at 1 hr of ischemia survived 48 hrs of occlusion, compared with three of eight rats treated with saline. Conclusions: Neuronally generated nitric oxide is a mediator of brain injury during permanent focal ischemia in rats. However, severity of the ischemic insult appears to limit the therapeutic efficacy of the specific neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, AR-R 17477.
KW - Blood pressure
KW - Blood-brain barrier penetration
KW - Brain injury
KW - Cerebral infarction
KW - Injury progression
KW - Intravascular occlusion
KW - Middle cerebral artery occlusion
KW - Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor
KW - Rodent
KW - Stroke
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032732371&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0032732371&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
VL - 27
SP - 2508
EP - 2511
JO - Critical Care Medicine
JF - Critical Care Medicine
SN - 0090-3493
IS - 11
ER -