@article{822f71092e2b476cb1a71a3177f4af70,
title = "Comprehensive Characterization of Molecular Differences in Cancer between Male and Female Patients",
abstract = "An individual's sex has been long recognized as a key factor affecting cancer incidence, prognosis, and treatment responses. However, the molecular basis for sex disparities in cancer remains poorly understood. We performed a comprehensive analysis of molecular differences between male and female patients in 13 cancer types of The Cancer Genome Atlas and revealed two sex-effect groups associated with distinct incidence and mortality profiles. One group contains a small number of sex-affected genes, whereas the other shows much more extensive sex-biased molecular signatures. Importantly, 53% of clinically actionable genes (60/114) show sex-biased signatures. Our study provides a systematic molecular-level understanding of sex effects in diverse cancers and suggests a pressing need to develop sex-specific therapeutic strategies in certain cancer types.",
author = "Yuan Yuan and Lingxiang Liu and Hu Chen and Yumeng Wang and Yanxun Xu and Huzhang Mao and Jun Li and Mills, {Gordon B.} and Yongqian Shu and Liang Li and Han Liang",
note = "Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge contributions from TCGA Research Network and TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis Working Group. This study was supported by the NIH ( CA175486 and CCSG grant CA016672 , H.L.); the R. Lee Clark Fellow Award from The Jeanne F. Shelby Scholarship Fund (H.L.); a grant from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas ( RP140462 , H.L.); the Lorraine Dell Program in Bioinformatics for Personalization of Cancer Medicine (H.L.); by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 81472782 , L.Liu), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province ( BK20141491 , L.Liu), Six Talent Peaks Foundation of Jiangsu Province (2012-WS-026, L.Liu), and “333” Talents Project of Jiangsu Province (L.Liu). We thank the MD Anderson high-performance computing core facility for computing, LeeAnn Chastain for editorial assistance, and Eli Van Allen for valuable comments. G.B.M. has sponsored research support from AstraZeneca and is on the Scientific Advisory Board for AstraZeneca, ImmunoMet , Nuevolution and Precision Medicine . ",
year = "2016",
month = may,
day = "9",
doi = "10.1016/j.ccell.2016.04.001",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "29",
pages = "711--722",
journal = "Cancer Cell",
issn = "1535-6108",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "5",
}