Classification System for Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Appearance Following Percutaneous IVC Filter Retrieval

Ningcheng Li; Roberto Galuppo; Maxwell Cretcher; Dennis Barbon; Cameron Loudill; Dominik Prosser; Greg Rufener; Mckinna Tillotson; Joseph O’Sullivan; Ramsey Al-Hakim; Khashayar Farsad; Younes Jahangiri; John A. Kaufman

doi:10.1007/s00270-022-03189-w

Classification System for Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Appearance Following Percutaneous IVC Filter Retrieval

Ningcheng Li, Roberto Galuppo, Maxwell Cretcher, Dennis Barbon, Cameron Loudill, Dominik Prosser, Greg Rufener, Mckinna Tillotson, Joseph O’Sullivan, Ramsey Al-Hakim, Khashayar Farsad, Younes Jahangiri, John A. Kaufman

Dotter Institute

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: There is no classification system for describing inferior vena cava (IVC) injuries. The objective of this study was to develop a standardized grading system for venographic appearance of the IVC following percutaneous IVC filter retrieval. Methods: A classification system for the appearance of the IVC on cavograms following percutaneous IVC filter removal was developed consisting of two grading elements; luminal characteristics and extravasation. Luminal narrowing from 0% up to 50% from any cause is grade 1; narrowing between 50 and 99% is grade 2; occlusion is grade 3; and avulsion is grade 4. Absence of extravasation is grade A, contained extravasation is grade B, and free extravasation is grade C. This system was then applied retrospectively to pre- and post-IVC filter retrieval cavograms performed at a single institution from October 2004 through February 2019. Results: 546 retrieval attempts were identified with 509 (93.2%) filters successfully retrieved. 449 cases (88.2%) had both pre-retrieval and post-retrieval imaging appropriate for application of the proposed classification system. Inter-rater reliability was 0.972 for luminal characteristics, 0.967 for extravasation, and 0.969 overall. Consensus grading demonstrated a distribution of 97.3% grade 1, 1.3% grade 2, 1.3% grade 3, and 0.0% grade 4 for post-retrieval luminal characteristics. For extravasation classification, 96.4% of the cases were classified as grade A, 2.7% grade B, and 0.9% grade C. Conclusion: A classification system was developed for describing IVC appearance after IVC filter retrieval, and retrospectively validated using a single center dataset.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1064-1073
Number of pages	10
Journal	Cardiovascular and interventional radiology
Volume	45
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-022-03189-w
State	Published - Aug 2022

Keywords

Caval extravasation
Caval injury
Filter retrieval
Grading system
IVC filter

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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10.1007/s00270-022-03189-w

Cite this

Li, N., Galuppo, R., Cretcher, M., Barbon, D., Loudill, C., Prosser, D., Rufener, G., Tillotson, M., O’Sullivan, J., Al-Hakim, R., Farsad, K., Jahangiri, Y., & Kaufman, J. A. (2022). Classification System for Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Appearance Following Percutaneous IVC Filter Retrieval. Cardiovascular and interventional radiology, 45(8), 1064-1073. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-022-03189-w

Li, N, Galuppo, R, Cretcher, M, Barbon, D, Loudill, C, Prosser, D, Rufener, G, Tillotson, M, O’Sullivan, J, Al-Hakim, R, Farsad, K, Jahangiri, Y & Kaufman, JA 2022, 'Classification System for Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Appearance Following Percutaneous IVC Filter Retrieval', Cardiovascular and interventional radiology, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 1064-1073. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-022-03189-w

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title = "Classification System for Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Appearance Following Percutaneous IVC Filter Retrieval",

abstract = "Objective: There is no classification system for describing inferior vena cava (IVC) injuries. The objective of this study was to develop a standardized grading system for venographic appearance of the IVC following percutaneous IVC filter retrieval. Methods: A classification system for the appearance of the IVC on cavograms following percutaneous IVC filter removal was developed consisting of two grading elements; luminal characteristics and extravasation. Luminal narrowing from 0% up to 50% from any cause is grade 1; narrowing between 50 and 99% is grade 2; occlusion is grade 3; and avulsion is grade 4. Absence of extravasation is grade A, contained extravasation is grade B, and free extravasation is grade C. This system was then applied retrospectively to pre- and post-IVC filter retrieval cavograms performed at a single institution from October 2004 through February 2019. Results: 546 retrieval attempts were identified with 509 (93.2%) filters successfully retrieved. 449 cases (88.2%) had both pre-retrieval and post-retrieval imaging appropriate for application of the proposed classification system. Inter-rater reliability was 0.972 for luminal characteristics, 0.967 for extravasation, and 0.969 overall. Consensus grading demonstrated a distribution of 97.3% grade 1, 1.3% grade 2, 1.3% grade 3, and 0.0% grade 4 for post-retrieval luminal characteristics. For extravasation classification, 96.4% of the cases were classified as grade A, 2.7% grade B, and 0.9% grade C. Conclusion: A classification system was developed for describing IVC appearance after IVC filter retrieval, and retrospectively validated using a single center dataset.",

keywords = "Caval extravasation, Caval injury, Filter retrieval, Grading system, IVC filter",

author = "Ningcheng Li and Roberto Galuppo and Maxwell Cretcher and Dennis Barbon and Cameron Loudill and Dominik Prosser and Greg Rufener and Mckinna Tillotson and Joseph O{\textquoteright}Sullivan and Ramsey Al-Hakim and Khashayar Farsad and Younes Jahangiri and Kaufman, {John A.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE).",

year = "2022",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1007/s00270-022-03189-w",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "45",

pages = "1064--1073",

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T1 - Classification System for Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Appearance Following Percutaneous IVC Filter Retrieval

AU - Li, Ningcheng

AU - Galuppo, Roberto

AU - Cretcher, Maxwell

AU - Barbon, Dennis

AU - Loudill, Cameron

AU - Prosser, Dominik

AU - Rufener, Greg

AU - Tillotson, Mckinna

AU - O’Sullivan, Joseph

AU - Al-Hakim, Ramsey

AU - Farsad, Khashayar

AU - Jahangiri, Younes

AU - Kaufman, John A.

PY - 2022/8

Y1 - 2022/8

N2 - Objective: There is no classification system for describing inferior vena cava (IVC) injuries. The objective of this study was to develop a standardized grading system for venographic appearance of the IVC following percutaneous IVC filter retrieval. Methods: A classification system for the appearance of the IVC on cavograms following percutaneous IVC filter removal was developed consisting of two grading elements; luminal characteristics and extravasation. Luminal narrowing from 0% up to 50% from any cause is grade 1; narrowing between 50 and 99% is grade 2; occlusion is grade 3; and avulsion is grade 4. Absence of extravasation is grade A, contained extravasation is grade B, and free extravasation is grade C. This system was then applied retrospectively to pre- and post-IVC filter retrieval cavograms performed at a single institution from October 2004 through February 2019. Results: 546 retrieval attempts were identified with 509 (93.2%) filters successfully retrieved. 449 cases (88.2%) had both pre-retrieval and post-retrieval imaging appropriate for application of the proposed classification system. Inter-rater reliability was 0.972 for luminal characteristics, 0.967 for extravasation, and 0.969 overall. Consensus grading demonstrated a distribution of 97.3% grade 1, 1.3% grade 2, 1.3% grade 3, and 0.0% grade 4 for post-retrieval luminal characteristics. For extravasation classification, 96.4% of the cases were classified as grade A, 2.7% grade B, and 0.9% grade C. Conclusion: A classification system was developed for describing IVC appearance after IVC filter retrieval, and retrospectively validated using a single center dataset.

AB - Objective: There is no classification system for describing inferior vena cava (IVC) injuries. The objective of this study was to develop a standardized grading system for venographic appearance of the IVC following percutaneous IVC filter retrieval. Methods: A classification system for the appearance of the IVC on cavograms following percutaneous IVC filter removal was developed consisting of two grading elements; luminal characteristics and extravasation. Luminal narrowing from 0% up to 50% from any cause is grade 1; narrowing between 50 and 99% is grade 2; occlusion is grade 3; and avulsion is grade 4. Absence of extravasation is grade A, contained extravasation is grade B, and free extravasation is grade C. This system was then applied retrospectively to pre- and post-IVC filter retrieval cavograms performed at a single institution from October 2004 through February 2019. Results: 546 retrieval attempts were identified with 509 (93.2%) filters successfully retrieved. 449 cases (88.2%) had both pre-retrieval and post-retrieval imaging appropriate for application of the proposed classification system. Inter-rater reliability was 0.972 for luminal characteristics, 0.967 for extravasation, and 0.969 overall. Consensus grading demonstrated a distribution of 97.3% grade 1, 1.3% grade 2, 1.3% grade 3, and 0.0% grade 4 for post-retrieval luminal characteristics. For extravasation classification, 96.4% of the cases were classified as grade A, 2.7% grade B, and 0.9% grade C. Conclusion: A classification system was developed for describing IVC appearance after IVC filter retrieval, and retrospectively validated using a single center dataset.

KW - Caval extravasation

KW - Caval injury

KW - Filter retrieval

KW - Grading system

KW - IVC filter

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Classification System for Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Appearance Following Percutaneous IVC Filter Retrieval

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