TY - JOUR
T1 - Bioactive androgens and glucuronidated androgen metabolites are associated with subcutaneous and ectopic skeletal muscle adiposity among older black men
AU - Miljkovic, Iva
AU - Cauley, Jane A.
AU - Dressen, Amy S.
AU - Gordon, Christopher L.
AU - Goodpaster, Bret H.
AU - Kuller, Lewis H.
AU - Bunker, Clareann H.
AU - Patrick, Alan L.
AU - Wheeler, Victor W.
AU - Orwoll, Eric S.
AU - Zmuda, Joseph M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Dr Miljkovic is supported by the Mentored Research Scientist Development Award from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grant K01DK083029 ). The Tobago Health Study is supported by funding or in-kind services from the Division of Health and Social Services and Tobago House of Assembly and by funding from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant R01AR049747 ). The authors would like to thank the study participants and all supporting staff.
PY - 2011/8
Y1 - 2011/8
N2 - Aging is associated with declining serum levels of androgenic hormones and with increased skeletal muscle fat infiltration, an emerging risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Androgens regulate fat mass and glucose homeostasis, but the effect of androgenic hormones on skeletal muscle fat infiltration is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine the association of serum androgens and their precursors and metabolites with skeletal muscle fat infiltration and T2DM in a black male population group at high risk of T2DM. Serum androgens, estrogens, and androgen precursors and metabolites were measured using mass spectrometry; and calf skeletal muscle fat distribution (subcutaneous and intermuscular fat; skeletal muscle density) was measured using quantitative computed tomography in 472 Afro-Caribbean men 65 years and older. Bioactive androgens, testosterone, free testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone were associated with less skeletal muscle fat infiltration (r = -0.14 to -0.18, P <.05) and increased skeletal muscle density (r = 0.10 to 0.14, P <.05), independent of total adiposity. In addition, glucuronidated androgen metabolites were associated with less subcutaneous fat (r = -0.11 to -0.15, P <.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified an increased level of 3α-diol-3 glucuronide (odds ratio = 1.38, P <.01) and a decreased level of dihydrotestosterone (odds ratio = 0.66, P <.01) to be significantly associated with T2DM. Our findings suggest that, in elderly black men, independent of total adiposity, bioactive androgens and glucuronidated androgen metabolites may play previously unrecognized role in skeletal muscle fat distribution. Longitudinal studies are needed to further evaluate the relationship between androgens and androgen metabolites with changes in skeletal muscle fat distribution with aging and the incidence of T2DM.
AB - Aging is associated with declining serum levels of androgenic hormones and with increased skeletal muscle fat infiltration, an emerging risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Androgens regulate fat mass and glucose homeostasis, but the effect of androgenic hormones on skeletal muscle fat infiltration is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine the association of serum androgens and their precursors and metabolites with skeletal muscle fat infiltration and T2DM in a black male population group at high risk of T2DM. Serum androgens, estrogens, and androgen precursors and metabolites were measured using mass spectrometry; and calf skeletal muscle fat distribution (subcutaneous and intermuscular fat; skeletal muscle density) was measured using quantitative computed tomography in 472 Afro-Caribbean men 65 years and older. Bioactive androgens, testosterone, free testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone were associated with less skeletal muscle fat infiltration (r = -0.14 to -0.18, P <.05) and increased skeletal muscle density (r = 0.10 to 0.14, P <.05), independent of total adiposity. In addition, glucuronidated androgen metabolites were associated with less subcutaneous fat (r = -0.11 to -0.15, P <.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified an increased level of 3α-diol-3 glucuronide (odds ratio = 1.38, P <.01) and a decreased level of dihydrotestosterone (odds ratio = 0.66, P <.01) to be significantly associated with T2DM. Our findings suggest that, in elderly black men, independent of total adiposity, bioactive androgens and glucuronidated androgen metabolites may play previously unrecognized role in skeletal muscle fat distribution. Longitudinal studies are needed to further evaluate the relationship between androgens and androgen metabolites with changes in skeletal muscle fat distribution with aging and the incidence of T2DM.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.12.014
DO - 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.12.014
M3 - Article
C2 - 21353258
AN - SCOPUS:79960558651
SN - 0026-0495
VL - 60
SP - 1178
EP - 1185
JO - Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
JF - Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
IS - 8
ER -