Anatomic abnormalities of the pediatric airway

The physician who is called upon to evaluate stridor in the infant or child must be familiar with common congenital lesions of the airway. Congenital stridor is a symptom of an underlying problem that must be accurately diagnosed to be properly and effectively managed. This requires a complete history and physical examination to note the type of stridor and its association with feeding difficulties or cyanosis. Careful evaluation of the cry is important. Radiologic examinations are of great value in providing additional information concerning airway anomalies. The mainstay of diagnosis is an endoscopic examination. Familiarity with these anomalies, their symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment will provide for better care of the pediatric patient with stridor.