Whole genome sequencing identifies novel genetic mutations in patients with eczema herpeticum

Lianghua Bin, Claire Malley, Patricia Taylor, Meher Preethi Boorgula, Sameer Chavan, Michelle Daya, Malaika Mathias, Gautam Shankar, Nicholas Rafaels, Candelaria Vergara, Joseph Potee, Monica Campbell, Jon M. Hanifin, Eric Simpson, Lynda C. Schneider, Richard L. Gallo, Tissa Hata, Amy S. Paller, Anna De Benedetto, Lisa A. BeckPeck Y. Ong, Emma Guttman-Yassky, Brittany Richers, David Baraghoshi, Ingo Ruczinski, Kathleen C. Barnes, Donald Y.M. Leung, Rasika A. Mathias

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

17 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Eczema herpeticum (EH) is a rare complication of atopic dermatitis (AD) caused by disseminated herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. The role of rare and/or deleterious genetic variants in disease etiology is largely unknown. This study aimed to identify genes that harbor damaging genetic variants associated with HSV infection in AD with a history of recurrent eczema herpeticum (ADEH+). Methods: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 49 recurrent ADEH+ (≥3 EH episodes), 491 AD without a history of eczema herpeticum (ADEH−) and 237 non-atopic control (NA) subjects. Variants were annotated, and a gene-based approach (SKAT-O) was used to identify genes harboring damaging genetic variants associated with ADEH+. Genes identified through WGS were studied for effects on HSV responses and keratinocyte differentiation. Results: Eight genes were identified in the comparison of recurrent ADEH+to ADEH−and NA subjects: SIDT2, CLEC7A, GSTZ1, TPSG1, SP110, RBBP8NL, TRIM15, and FRMD3. Silencing SIDT2 and RBBP8NL in normal human primary keratinocytes (NHPKs) led to significantly increased HSV-1 replication. SIDT2-silenced NHPKs had decreased gene expression of IFNk and IL1b in response to HSV-1 infection. RBBP8NL-silenced NHPKs had decreased gene expression of IFNk, but increased IL1b. Additionally, silencing SIDT2 and RBBP8NL also inhibited gene expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers keratin 10 (KRT10) and loricrin (LOR). Conclusion: SIDT2 and RBBP8NL participate in keratinocyte's response to HSV-1 infection. SIDT2 and RBBP8NL also regulate expression of keratinocyte differentiation genes of KRT10 and LOR.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2510-2523
Number of pages14
JournalAllergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Volume76
Issue number8
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2021

Keywords

  • SIDT2
  • atopic dermatitis
  • eczema herpeticum
  • genetics
  • herpes simplex virus
  • whole genome sequencing

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Immunology and Allergy
  • Immunology

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