TY - JOUR
T1 - Translational Evaluation of Acid/Base and Electrolyte Alterations in Rodent Model of Focal Ischemia
AU - Martha, Sarah R.
AU - Collier, Lisa A.
AU - Davis, Stephanie M.
AU - Seifert, Hilary A.
AU - Leonardo, Christopher C.
AU - Ajmo, Craig T.
AU - Foran, Elspeth A.
AU - Fraser, Justin F.
AU - Pennypacker, Keith R.
N1 - Funding Information:
Three-month old Sprague-Dawley rats (ENVIGO, Indianapolis, IN) were used for all procedures. The rats weighed between 300 and 350 grams. The study was conducted in accordance with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and study protocols were approved through our Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Animals were kept in a climate controlled room on a 12-hour light and dark cycle (0700-1900) with free access to food and water. For both models, animals were administered vehicle of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 7.4, at 6, 24, and 48 hours after MCAO. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), grant number R01 NS091146.
Funding Information:
Funding Statement: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health , National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), grant number R01 NS091146 .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd
Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/10
Y1 - 2018/10
N2 - Background and Purpose: Acid/base and electrolytes could provide clinically valuable information about cerebral infarct core and penumbra. We evaluated associations between acid/base and electrolyte changes and outcomes in 2 rat models of stroke, permanent, and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods: Three-month old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent permanent or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Pre- and post-middle cerebral artery occlusion venous samples for permanent and transient models provided pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose, and electrolyte values of ionized calcium, potassium, and sodium. Multiple regression determined predictors of infarct volume from these values, and Kaplan-Meier curve analyzed morality between permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion models. Results: Analysis indicated significant differences in the blood gas and electrolytes between pre- to post-middle cerebral artery occlusion. A decrease in pH and sodium with increases in carbon dioxide, potassium, ionized calcium, and glucose changes were found in both middle cerebral artery occlusion models; while hematocrit and hemoglobin were significant in the transient model. pH and ionized calcium were predictors of infarct volume in the permanent model, as changes in pH and ionized calcium decreased, infarct volume increased. Conclusions: There are acute changes in acid/base balance and electrolytes during stroke in transient and permanent rodent models. Additionally, we found pH and ionized calcium changes predicted stroke volume in the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model. These preliminary findings are novel, and warrant further exploration in human conditions.
AB - Background and Purpose: Acid/base and electrolytes could provide clinically valuable information about cerebral infarct core and penumbra. We evaluated associations between acid/base and electrolyte changes and outcomes in 2 rat models of stroke, permanent, and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods: Three-month old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent permanent or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Pre- and post-middle cerebral artery occlusion venous samples for permanent and transient models provided pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose, and electrolyte values of ionized calcium, potassium, and sodium. Multiple regression determined predictors of infarct volume from these values, and Kaplan-Meier curve analyzed morality between permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion models. Results: Analysis indicated significant differences in the blood gas and electrolytes between pre- to post-middle cerebral artery occlusion. A decrease in pH and sodium with increases in carbon dioxide, potassium, ionized calcium, and glucose changes were found in both middle cerebral artery occlusion models; while hematocrit and hemoglobin were significant in the transient model. pH and ionized calcium were predictors of infarct volume in the permanent model, as changes in pH and ionized calcium decreased, infarct volume increased. Conclusions: There are acute changes in acid/base balance and electrolytes during stroke in transient and permanent rodent models. Additionally, we found pH and ionized calcium changes predicted stroke volume in the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model. These preliminary findings are novel, and warrant further exploration in human conditions.
KW - acid/base balance
KW - early blood chemistry changes
KW - electrolytes
KW - Focal ischemia
KW - infarct volume
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.05.045
DO - 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.05.045
M3 - Article
C2 - 30068479
AN - SCOPUS:85050581688
VL - 27
SP - 2746
EP - 2754
JO - Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases
JF - Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases
SN - 1052-3057
IS - 10
ER -