Toward a theory-based specification of non-pharmacological treatments in aging and dementia: Focused reviews and methodological recommendations

ISTAART Non-pharmacological Interventions Professional Interest Area

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

45 Scopus citations

Abstract

Introduction: Non-pharmacological treatments (NPTs) have the potential to improve meaningful outcomes for older people at risk of, or living with dementia, but research often lacks methodological rigor and continues to produce mixed results. Methods: In the current position paper, experts in NPT research have specified treatment targets, aims, and ingredients using an umbrella framework, the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System. Results: Experts provided a snapshot and an authoritative summary of the evidence for different NPTs based on the best synthesis efforts, identified main gaps in knowledge and relevant barriers, and provided directions for future research. Experts in trial methodology provide best practice principles and recommendations for those working in this area, underscoring the importance of prespecified protocols. Discussion: We conclude that the evidence strongly supports various NPTs in relation to their primary targets, and discuss opportunities and challenges associated with a unifying theoretical framework to guide future efforts in this area.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)255-270
Number of pages16
JournalAlzheimer's and Dementia
Volume17
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 2021

Keywords

  • cognitive rehabilitation
  • cognitive stimulation therapy
  • cognitive training
  • cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia
  • communication treatments
  • framework
  • meditation
  • mild cognitive impairment
  • multisensory treatments
  • music-based treatments
  • neuromodulation
  • neuropsychiatric
  • non-pharmacological
  • nutritional interventions
  • occupational therapy
  • physical exercise training
  • reminiscence therapy
  • subjective cognitive decline

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Clinical Neurology
  • Geriatrics and Gerontology
  • Psychiatry and Mental health
  • Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
  • Health Policy
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Epidemiology

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