The rhesus macaque β₁-adrenergic receptor gene: Structure of the gene and comparison of the flanking sequences with the rat β₁-adrenergic receptor gene

We have cloned the gene for the rhesus macaque β₁-adrenergic receptor. In addition to the protein coding block, we have sequenced its 5' (1424 bp) and 3' (1534 bp) flanking regions and aligned them with comparable sections of the rat β₁-adrenergic receptor gene. The rhesus macaque gene contains a 1440 bp open reading frame which codes for a deduced protein of 480 amino acids that is 95% and 89% similar to the human and rat β₁-adrenergic receptors, respectively. The rhesus macaque β₁-adrenergic receptor contains conserved sites for potential Nlinked glycosylation and cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation identified within the human and rat receptors, but differs in the structure and length of the third cytoplasmic loop. The 400 bases of 5' flanking sequence proximal to the protein coding block are highly conserved (84% similarity) between the rat and rhesus macaque genes. The entire 3' flanking sequence, which extends beyond two potential polyadenylation sites at 1050 and 1337 bp relative to the translation termination codon, is also highly conserved between the two species. Comparison of the flanking sequences of the two species reveals conserved regulatory sequences which may be important for β₁-adrenergic receptor expression and transcriptional modulation.