TY - JOUR
T1 - The epidemiology and outcome of prehospital respiratory distress
AU - Prekker, Matthew E.
AU - Feemster, Laura C.
AU - Hough, Catherine L.
AU - Carlbom, David
AU - Crothers, Kristina
AU - Au, David H.
AU - Rea, Thomas D.
AU - Seymour, Christopher W.
PY - 2014/5
Y1 - 2014/5
N2 - Objectives Patients with respiratory distress often seek emergency medical care and are transported by emergency medical services (EMS). EMS encounters with patients in respiratory distress have not been well described. The study objective was to characterize the epidemiology of prehospital respiratory distress and subsequent patient outcomes. Methods This was a population-based cohort study of noninjured adults transported by EMS to any of 16 hospitals between 2002 and 2006. EMS records were linked to hospital administrative data for encounters categorized by EMS personnel as primarily "respiratory distress" in nature. The authors described prehospital patient and encounter characteristics, interventions, hospital discharge diagnoses (using ICD-9-CM codes), and patient outcomes. The association between prehospital variables, defined a priori, and hospital admission were described using multivariable logistic regression. Results There were 166,908 EMS encounters, of which 19,858 were for respiratory distress (11.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 11.7% to 12.1%). Half of the patients were admitted to the hospital (n = 9,964), one-third of those required intensive care (n = 3,094), and 10% of hospitalized patients died prior to discharge (n = 948). Fifteen percent of hospitalized patients received invasive mechanical ventilation (n = 1,501), over half of whom were intubated during prehospital care (n = 896). The most common primary discharge diagnoses among prehospital respiratory distress patients admitted to the hospital were congestive heart failure (CHF; 16%), pneumonia (15%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; 13%), and acute respiratory failure (13%). Few EMS patients with respiratory distress were coded with a primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (3.5%, n = 350) or underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (0.7%, n = 71). In a multivariable regression model, prehospital factors that were independently associated with hospital admission included initial respiratory rate (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29 for an increase in respiratory rate of five breaths/min, 95% CI = 1.24 to 1.35) and an encounter that originated at a nursing home (OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 2.28 to 3.43). Conclusions In a population-based cohort, EMS personnel commonly encounter prehospital respiratory distress among medical patients, many of whom require hospital admission to the intensive care unit. These data may help to inform targeted therapy or more efficient triage and transport decisions.
AB - Objectives Patients with respiratory distress often seek emergency medical care and are transported by emergency medical services (EMS). EMS encounters with patients in respiratory distress have not been well described. The study objective was to characterize the epidemiology of prehospital respiratory distress and subsequent patient outcomes. Methods This was a population-based cohort study of noninjured adults transported by EMS to any of 16 hospitals between 2002 and 2006. EMS records were linked to hospital administrative data for encounters categorized by EMS personnel as primarily "respiratory distress" in nature. The authors described prehospital patient and encounter characteristics, interventions, hospital discharge diagnoses (using ICD-9-CM codes), and patient outcomes. The association between prehospital variables, defined a priori, and hospital admission were described using multivariable logistic regression. Results There were 166,908 EMS encounters, of which 19,858 were for respiratory distress (11.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 11.7% to 12.1%). Half of the patients were admitted to the hospital (n = 9,964), one-third of those required intensive care (n = 3,094), and 10% of hospitalized patients died prior to discharge (n = 948). Fifteen percent of hospitalized patients received invasive mechanical ventilation (n = 1,501), over half of whom were intubated during prehospital care (n = 896). The most common primary discharge diagnoses among prehospital respiratory distress patients admitted to the hospital were congestive heart failure (CHF; 16%), pneumonia (15%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; 13%), and acute respiratory failure (13%). Few EMS patients with respiratory distress were coded with a primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (3.5%, n = 350) or underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (0.7%, n = 71). In a multivariable regression model, prehospital factors that were independently associated with hospital admission included initial respiratory rate (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29 for an increase in respiratory rate of five breaths/min, 95% CI = 1.24 to 1.35) and an encounter that originated at a nursing home (OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 2.28 to 3.43). Conclusions In a population-based cohort, EMS personnel commonly encounter prehospital respiratory distress among medical patients, many of whom require hospital admission to the intensive care unit. These data may help to inform targeted therapy or more efficient triage and transport decisions.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84901021872&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84901021872&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/acem.12380
DO - 10.1111/acem.12380
M3 - Article
C2 - 24842506
AN - SCOPUS:84901021872
SN - 1069-6563
VL - 21
SP - 543
EP - 550
JO - Academic Emergency Medicine
JF - Academic Emergency Medicine
IS - 5
ER -