TY - JOUR
T1 - Targeting the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation of p53 for cancer therapy
AU - Devine, Tiffany
AU - Dai, Mu Shui
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Within the past decade, there has been a revolution in the types of drugs developed to treat cancer. Therapies that selectively target cancer-specific aberrations, such as kinase inhibitors, have made a dramatic impact on a subset of patients. In spite of these successes, there is still a dearth of treatment options for the vast majority of patients. Therefore, there is a need to design therapies with broader efficacy. The p53 tumor suppressor pathway is one of the most frequently altered in human cancers. However, about half of all cancers retain wild-type p53, yet through various mechanisms, the p53 pathway is otherwise inactivated. Targeting this pathway for reactivation truly represents the "holy" grail in cancer treatment. Most commonly, destabilization of p53 by various components of ubiquitin-proteasome system, notably the ubiquitin ligase MDM2 and its partner MDMX as well as various deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), render p53 inert and unresponsive to stress signals. Reinstating its function in cancer has been a long sought-after goal. Towards this end, a great deal of work has been devoted to the development of compounds that either interfere with the p53-MDM2 and p53-MDMX interactions, inhibit MDM2 E3 activity, or target individual DUBs. Here we review the current progress that has been made in the field, with a special emphasis on both MDM2 and DUB inhibitors. Developing inhibitors targeting the upstream of the p53 ubiquitination pathway will likely also be a valuable option.
AB - Within the past decade, there has been a revolution in the types of drugs developed to treat cancer. Therapies that selectively target cancer-specific aberrations, such as kinase inhibitors, have made a dramatic impact on a subset of patients. In spite of these successes, there is still a dearth of treatment options for the vast majority of patients. Therefore, there is a need to design therapies with broader efficacy. The p53 tumor suppressor pathway is one of the most frequently altered in human cancers. However, about half of all cancers retain wild-type p53, yet through various mechanisms, the p53 pathway is otherwise inactivated. Targeting this pathway for reactivation truly represents the "holy" grail in cancer treatment. Most commonly, destabilization of p53 by various components of ubiquitin-proteasome system, notably the ubiquitin ligase MDM2 and its partner MDMX as well as various deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), render p53 inert and unresponsive to stress signals. Reinstating its function in cancer has been a long sought-after goal. Towards this end, a great deal of work has been devoted to the development of compounds that either interfere with the p53-MDM2 and p53-MDMX interactions, inhibit MDM2 E3 activity, or target individual DUBs. Here we review the current progress that has been made in the field, with a special emphasis on both MDM2 and DUB inhibitors. Developing inhibitors targeting the upstream of the p53 ubiquitination pathway will likely also be a valuable option.
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Cell cycle
KW - Deubiquitinating enzyme
KW - MDM2
KW - MDMX
KW - Proteasome
KW - Ubiquitin ligase
KW - Ubiquitination
KW - p53
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84878825727&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2174/1381612811319180009
DO - 10.2174/1381612811319180009
M3 - Article
C2 - 23151129
AN - SCOPUS:84878825727
SN - 1381-6128
VL - 19
SP - 3248
EP - 3262
JO - Current Pharmaceutical Design
JF - Current Pharmaceutical Design
IS - 18
ER -