TY - JOUR
T1 - T Cell Immunity and Zika Virus Vaccine Development
AU - Lima, Noemia S.
AU - Rolland, Morgane
AU - Modjarrad, Kayvon
AU - Trautmann, Lydie
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Randy Thompson for helping with the graphical design and Yifan Li for plotting the comparison of flaviviruses sequences. This work was supported by a cooperative agreement (W81XWH-07-2-0067 and W81XWH-11-0174) between the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., and the US Department of Defense (DOD). This research was funded, in part, by the US Defense Health Agency Funding (0130602D16) and by the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases through an Interagency Agreement with the US Army (Y1-AI-2642-17). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the US Department of Defense or the Department of the Army.
Funding Information:
We thank Randy Thompson for helping with the graphical design and Yifan Li for plotting the comparison of flaviviruses sequences. This work was supported by a cooperative agreement ( W81XWH-07-2-0067 and W81XWH-11-0174 ) between the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., and the US Department of Defense (DOD) . This research was funded, in part, by the US Defense Health Agency Funding ( 0130602D16 ) and by the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases through an Interagency Agreement with the US Army ( Y1-AI-2642-17 ). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the US Department of Defense or the Department of the Army.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2017/8
Y1 - 2017/8
N2 - The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic has created an urgent need for a safe and effective vaccine. There is still a dearth of knowledge about ZIKV immunity, but years of investigation into the immunobiology of other flaviviruses has helped to accelerate the development of a ZIKV vaccine. Although the humoral immune response generates the primary correlate of protection from disease, robust T cell responses could enhance ZIKV vaccine efficacy. Additionally, pre-existing immunity to related flaviviruses could generate cross-reactive T cells that may affect immune responses upon vaccination. In this review, we summarize the key discoveries in the area of flavivirus T cell immunity and postulate on how these findings can inform ZIKV vaccine strategies for inducing protective immunity. T cell responses are important for clearance of neurotropic flaviviruses from the central nervous system and might also be required for ZIKV. T cells are stimulated upon flavivirus infection and can not only contribute to protection, but also drive immunopathogenesis. Conservation between ZIKV epitopes and other flaviviruses, especially Dengue virus (DENV), might induce cross-reactive T cells. Preclinical and clinical studies are conducted in parallel to develop a vaccine and understand the biology of ZIKV infection, contributing to the accelerated pace of new knowledge gained relating to ZIKV immunity. ZIKV vaccine candidates that have shown protection in mice and nonhuman primates induced modest levels of T cell responses. Scientific knowledge gained from studies on ZIKV T cell immunity will help the rational design of strategies aimed at increasing T cell immunity that could improve ZIKV vaccine efficacy.
AB - The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic has created an urgent need for a safe and effective vaccine. There is still a dearth of knowledge about ZIKV immunity, but years of investigation into the immunobiology of other flaviviruses has helped to accelerate the development of a ZIKV vaccine. Although the humoral immune response generates the primary correlate of protection from disease, robust T cell responses could enhance ZIKV vaccine efficacy. Additionally, pre-existing immunity to related flaviviruses could generate cross-reactive T cells that may affect immune responses upon vaccination. In this review, we summarize the key discoveries in the area of flavivirus T cell immunity and postulate on how these findings can inform ZIKV vaccine strategies for inducing protective immunity. T cell responses are important for clearance of neurotropic flaviviruses from the central nervous system and might also be required for ZIKV. T cells are stimulated upon flavivirus infection and can not only contribute to protection, but also drive immunopathogenesis. Conservation between ZIKV epitopes and other flaviviruses, especially Dengue virus (DENV), might induce cross-reactive T cells. Preclinical and clinical studies are conducted in parallel to develop a vaccine and understand the biology of ZIKV infection, contributing to the accelerated pace of new knowledge gained relating to ZIKV immunity. ZIKV vaccine candidates that have shown protection in mice and nonhuman primates induced modest levels of T cell responses. Scientific knowledge gained from studies on ZIKV T cell immunity will help the rational design of strategies aimed at increasing T cell immunity that could improve ZIKV vaccine efficacy.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.it.2017.05.004
DO - 10.1016/j.it.2017.05.004
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28579320
AN - SCOPUS:85020104454
VL - 38
SP - 594
EP - 605
JO - Trends in Immunology
JF - Trends in Immunology
SN - 1471-4906
IS - 8
ER -