TY - JOUR
T1 - Sequencing of sporadic Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) identifies novel and potentially pathogenic de novo variants and excludes overlap with genes associated with autism spectrum disorder
AU - on behalf of the University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics
AU - Kim, Daniel Seung
AU - Burt, Amber A.
AU - Ranchalis, Jane E.
AU - Wilmot, Beth
AU - Smith, Joshua D.
AU - Patterson, Karynne E.
AU - Coe, Bradley P.
AU - Li, Yatong K.
AU - Bamshad, Michael J.
AU - Nikolas, Molly
AU - Eichler, Evan E.
AU - Swanson, James M.
AU - Nigg, Joel T.
AU - Nickerson, Deborah A.
AU - Jarvik, Gail P.
N1 - Funding Information:
Exome sequencing was provided by the University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics and was funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant 1RC2HG005608 and 1U54HG006493. Additional funding was received from the Washington State Life Sciences Discovery Fund to the Northwest Institute of Genomic Medicine (2065508 and 0905001) and the Washington Research Foundation. This research was supported, in part, by the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI 303241) and NIH (R01MH101221) to E.E.E. DSK was supported by NIH 1F31MH101905-01, T32HL007312, and AHA 16POST27250048. Data collection and sample preparation was supported by NIH R01MH099064.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PY - 2017/6
Y1 - 2017/6
N2 - Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has high heritability; however, studies of common variation account for <5% of ADHD variance. Using data from affected participants without a family history of ADHD, we sought to identify de novo variants that could account for sporadic ADHD. Considering a total of 128 families, two analyses were conducted in parallel: first, in 11 unaffected parent/affected proband trios (or quads with the addition of an unaffected sibling) we completed exome sequencing. Six de novo missense variants at highly conserved bases were identified and validated from four of the 11 families: the brain-expressed genes TBC1D9, DAGLA, QARS, CSMD2, TRPM2, and WDR83. Separately, in 117 unrelated probands with sporadic ADHD, we sequenced a panel of 26 genes implicated in intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to evaluate whether variation in ASD/ID-associated genes were also present in participants with ADHD. Only one putative deleterious variant (Gln600STOP) in CHD1L was identified; this was found in a single proband. Notably, no other nonsense, splice, frameshift, or highly conserved missense variants in the 26 gene panel were identified and validated. These data suggest that de novo variant analysis in families with independently adjudicated sporadic ADHD diagnosis can identify novel genes implicated in ADHD pathogenesis. Moreover, that only one of the 128 cases (0.8%, 11 exome, and 117 MIP sequenced participants) had putative deleterious variants within our data in 26 genes related to ID and ASD suggests significant independence in the genetic pathogenesis of ADHD as compared to ASD and ID phenotypes.
AB - Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has high heritability; however, studies of common variation account for <5% of ADHD variance. Using data from affected participants without a family history of ADHD, we sought to identify de novo variants that could account for sporadic ADHD. Considering a total of 128 families, two analyses were conducted in parallel: first, in 11 unaffected parent/affected proband trios (or quads with the addition of an unaffected sibling) we completed exome sequencing. Six de novo missense variants at highly conserved bases were identified and validated from four of the 11 families: the brain-expressed genes TBC1D9, DAGLA, QARS, CSMD2, TRPM2, and WDR83. Separately, in 117 unrelated probands with sporadic ADHD, we sequenced a panel of 26 genes implicated in intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to evaluate whether variation in ASD/ID-associated genes were also present in participants with ADHD. Only one putative deleterious variant (Gln600STOP) in CHD1L was identified; this was found in a single proband. Notably, no other nonsense, splice, frameshift, or highly conserved missense variants in the 26 gene panel were identified and validated. These data suggest that de novo variant analysis in families with independently adjudicated sporadic ADHD diagnosis can identify novel genes implicated in ADHD pathogenesis. Moreover, that only one of the 128 cases (0.8%, 11 exome, and 117 MIP sequenced participants) had putative deleterious variants within our data in 26 genes related to ID and ASD suggests significant independence in the genetic pathogenesis of ADHD as compared to ASD and ID phenotypes.
KW - attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
KW - autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
KW - exome sequencing
KW - intellectual disability (ID)
KW - molecular inversion probe (MIP) sequencing
KW - sporadic ADHD
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U2 - 10.1002/ajmg.b.32527
DO - 10.1002/ajmg.b.32527
M3 - Article
C2 - 28332277
AN - SCOPUS:85016069857
VL - 174
SP - 381
EP - 389
JO - American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
JF - American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
SN - 1552-4841
IS - 4
ER -