TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk stratification of patients with nodal involvement in upper tract urothelial carcinoma
T2 - Value of lymph-node density
AU - Bolenz, Christian
AU - Shariat, Shahrokh F.
AU - Fernández, Mario I.
AU - Margulis, Vitaly
AU - Lotan, Yair
AU - Karakiewicz, Pierre
AU - Remzi, Mesut
AU - Kikuchi, Eiji
AU - Zigeuner, Richard
AU - Weizer, Alon
AU - Montorsi, Francesco
AU - Bensalah, Karim
AU - Wood, Christopher G.
AU - Roscigno, Marco
AU - Langner, Cord
AU - Koppie, Theresa M.
AU - Raman, Jay D.
AU - Mikami, Shuji
AU - Michel, Maurice Stephan
AU - Ströbel, Philipp
PY - 2009/2
Y1 - 2009/2
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors associated with clinical outcome in patients with lymph node (LN)-positive urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UTUC) treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) and lymphadenectomy, focusing on the concept of LN density (LND). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing RNU with regional lymphadenectomy were identified through multi-institutional databases. All pathology slides were re-evaluated by genitourinary pathologists unaware of the clinical data. The exposure variable used was LND (continuously coded and that of all possible thresholds) with recurrence-free and disease-specific survival (DSS) serving as the outcome measures. RESULTS: Of 432 patients undergoing RNU with lymphadenectomy, 135 (31%) had LN metastases. Within a median follow-up of 4.1 years, 90 of the 135 patients with LN metastases (68%) had disease recurrence and 76 (58%) died from UTUC. The mean (sem) 5-year recurrence-free and DSS probabilities were 27 (4)% and 33 (5)%, respectively. The median (range) LND was 50 (3-100)%. The most informative threshold for LND in relation to outcome was 30%. In multivariable analyses that adjusted for the effects of tumour stage and grade, patients with a LND of ≥30% were at greater risk of both cancer recurrence, with 5-year rates of 25 (5)% vs 38 (8)% (hazard ratio 1.8, P = 0.021) and mortality, with 5-year rates of 30 (6)% vs 48 (9)% (1.7, P = 0.032) compared to those with a LND of <30%. Our results are primarily limited by a lack of standardization in the lymphadenectomy template. CONCLUSION: We evaluated the concept of LND for the first time in UTUC. LND provides additional prognostic information in patients with node-positive disease after RNU. The use of LND in clinical trials might provide an additional insight into the value of LN dissection in patients undergoing RNU.
AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors associated with clinical outcome in patients with lymph node (LN)-positive urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UTUC) treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) and lymphadenectomy, focusing on the concept of LN density (LND). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing RNU with regional lymphadenectomy were identified through multi-institutional databases. All pathology slides were re-evaluated by genitourinary pathologists unaware of the clinical data. The exposure variable used was LND (continuously coded and that of all possible thresholds) with recurrence-free and disease-specific survival (DSS) serving as the outcome measures. RESULTS: Of 432 patients undergoing RNU with lymphadenectomy, 135 (31%) had LN metastases. Within a median follow-up of 4.1 years, 90 of the 135 patients with LN metastases (68%) had disease recurrence and 76 (58%) died from UTUC. The mean (sem) 5-year recurrence-free and DSS probabilities were 27 (4)% and 33 (5)%, respectively. The median (range) LND was 50 (3-100)%. The most informative threshold for LND in relation to outcome was 30%. In multivariable analyses that adjusted for the effects of tumour stage and grade, patients with a LND of ≥30% were at greater risk of both cancer recurrence, with 5-year rates of 25 (5)% vs 38 (8)% (hazard ratio 1.8, P = 0.021) and mortality, with 5-year rates of 30 (6)% vs 48 (9)% (1.7, P = 0.032) compared to those with a LND of <30%. Our results are primarily limited by a lack of standardization in the lymphadenectomy template. CONCLUSION: We evaluated the concept of LND for the first time in UTUC. LND provides additional prognostic information in patients with node-positive disease after RNU. The use of LND in clinical trials might provide an additional insight into the value of LN dissection in patients undergoing RNU.
KW - Lymph node dissection
KW - Lymphatic metastases
KW - Prognosis
KW - Urinary tract cancer
KW - Urothelial carcinoma
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U2 - 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.07988.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.07988.x
M3 - Article
C2 - 18990164
AN - SCOPUS:58449135464
SN - 1464-4096
VL - 103
SP - 302
EP - 306
JO - BJU international
JF - BJU international
IS - 3
ER -