Reduced forced vital capacity in an African population prevalence and risk factors

Daniel O. Obaseki, Gregory E. Erhabor, Olayemi F. Awopeju, Olufemi O. Adewole, Bamidele O. Adeniyi, Emerita A.Sonia Buist, Peter G. Burney

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

24 Scopus citations

Abstract

Rationale: Black Africans have reduced FVC compared with white persons, but the prevalence and determinants of reduced values are not well understood. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence and factors leading to reduced FVC in a Nigerian population and to examine current theories regarding the determinants of this difference. Methods: We studied the ventilatory function of 883 adults aged 40 years or older participating in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease Study in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Respondents completed pre- and postbronchodilator spirometry test and provided information on their smoking history, respiratory symptoms, risk factors, and diagnoses, including anthropometric details. We used standard categories to define body mass index as either underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. We defined reduced FVC as a post-bronchodilator FVC below the lower limit of normal using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) equations, Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 equations, and local reference equations based on nonsmoking study participants without a respiratory diagnosis. We fit multivariate linear regression models to FVC as a continuous measure, adjusting for age, sex, height, and other confounders. Results: The prevalence of reduced FVC was 70.4% for men and 72.8% for women when using NHANES values for white Americans, 17.8% for men and 14.4% for women using NHANES equations for African Americans, and 15.5% for men and 20.5% for women using the Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 equations. Using the equations derived from nonsmoking respondents in the survey without a respiratory diagnosis, the prevalence of reduced FVC was less than 4% for both men and women. FVC was lower in participants who had less than 7 years of education (FVC, 296 ml; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2172 to 219), were underweight (FVC, 2269 ml; 95% CI, 2464 to 273), were overweight (FVC, 2132 ml; 95% CI, 2219 to 246), and were obese (FVC, 2222 ml; 95% CI, 2332 to 2112). Conclusions: There is a wide variation in the prevalence of reduced FVC based on the reference standard used. This variation is not satisfactorily explained by factors thought to affect FVC within individual populations. However, the prevalence strongly associates with both education level and body mass index in this population, regardless of the specific standard used.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)714-721
Number of pages8
JournalAnnals of the American Thoracic Society
Volume14
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2017

Keywords

  • FVC
  • Lung Function
  • Nigeria
  • Spirometry

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

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