TY - JOUR
T1 - Proximal junctional kyphosis and failure—diagnosis, prevention, and treatment
AU - Nguyen, Ngoc Lam M.
AU - Kong, Christopher Y.
AU - Hart, Robert A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
PY - 2016/9/1
Y1 - 2016/9/1
N2 - Technical advancements have enabled the spinal deformity surgeon to correct severe spinal mal-alignment. However, proximal adjacent segment pathology (ASP) remains a significant issue. Examples include proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and proximal junctional failure (PJF). Agreement on the definition, classification, and pathophysiology of PJK and PJF remains incomplete, and an understanding of the risk factors, means of prevention, and treatment of this problem remains to be elucidated. In general, PJK is a relatively asymptomatic radiographic diagnosis managed with patient reassurance and monitoring. On the other hand, PJF is characterized by mechanical instability, pain, and more severe kyphosis, with potential for neurologic compromise. Patients who develop PJF more often require revision surgery than those with PJK. This chapter will review the current understanding of PJK and PJF.
AB - Technical advancements have enabled the spinal deformity surgeon to correct severe spinal mal-alignment. However, proximal adjacent segment pathology (ASP) remains a significant issue. Examples include proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and proximal junctional failure (PJF). Agreement on the definition, classification, and pathophysiology of PJK and PJF remains incomplete, and an understanding of the risk factors, means of prevention, and treatment of this problem remains to be elucidated. In general, PJK is a relatively asymptomatic radiographic diagnosis managed with patient reassurance and monitoring. On the other hand, PJF is characterized by mechanical instability, pain, and more severe kyphosis, with potential for neurologic compromise. Patients who develop PJF more often require revision surgery than those with PJK. This chapter will review the current understanding of PJK and PJF.
KW - Acute proximal junctional collapse
KW - Acute proximal junctional failure
KW - Adjacent segment degeneration
KW - Proximal junctional failure
KW - Proximal junctional kyphosis
KW - Topping off syndrome
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U2 - 10.1007/s12178-016-9353-8
DO - 10.1007/s12178-016-9353-8
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:84973618708
SN - 1935-973X
VL - 9
SP - 299
EP - 308
JO - Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
JF - Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
IS - 3
ER -