@article{52126d336f69409aa94ef2195a53fcc4,
title = "Pituitary lactotroph hyperplasia and chronic hyperprolactinemia in dopamine D2 receptor-deficient mice",
abstract = "Dopamine secreted from hypophysial hypothalamic neurons is a principal inhibitory regulator of pituitary hormone secretion. Mice with a disrupted D2 dopamine receptor gene had chronic hyperprolactinemia and developed anterior lobe lactotroph hyperplasia without evidence of adenomatous transformation. Unexpectedly, the mutant mice had no hyperplasia of the intermediate lobe melanotrophs. Aged female D2 receptor -/- mice developed uterine adenomyosis in response to prolonged prolactin exposure. These data reveal a critical role of hypothalamic dopamine in controlling pituitary growth and support a multistep mechanism for the induction and perpetuation of lactotroph hyperplasia, involving the lack of dopamine signaling, a low androgen/estrogen ratio, and a final autocrine or paracrine 'feed-forward' stimulation of mitogenesis, probably by prolactin itself.",
author = "Kelly, {Michele A.} and Marcelo Rubinstein and Asa, {Sylvia L.} and Ge Zhang and Carmen Saez and Bunzow, {James R.} and Allen, {Richard G.} and Robert Hnasko and Nira Ben-Jonathan and Grandy, {David K.} and Low, {Malcolm J.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank E. C. Chan and C. Feddern for embryonic stem cell culture; C. Grabowski and J. Pittman for technical assistance with immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, respectively; A. Burlacu for assistance with confocal microscopy; D. Hess for steroid hormone assays; J. Shiigi for help with illustrations; and O. Civelli for encouragement in the early stages of this project. B. Druker and A. Bhat kindly provided phospho-tyrosine antibodies and helpful advice on the immunoprecipitations and Western blot assays. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant DA09620 (D. K. G.), the Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust (M. J. L.), Parke Davis Pharmaceuticals, F. Hoffman La Roche, Ltd., and the P30 RIA Core Lab (HD18185).",
year = "1997",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80351-7",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "19",
pages = "103--113",
journal = "Neuron",
issn = "0896-6273",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "1",
}