PET imaging of oatp-mediated hepatobiliary transport of [¹¹C] rosuvastatin in the rat

A novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, [¹¹C]- rosuvastatin (RSV), was developed to dynamically and noninvasively measure hepatobiliary transport and tissue distribution of [¹¹C]-RSV in rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered either an Oatp inhibitor, rifampin (RIF, 40 mg/kg iv bolus plus 1.85 mg/min/kg iv infusion, n = 3), or the corresponding vehicle (saline, n = 3) for at least 90 min. Then, while these infusions were ongoing, the animals received [¹¹C]-rosuvastatin (∼1 mCi/30 s, iv infusion). After [¹¹C]-RSV administration, the lower abdominal region of the rats was imaged for 90 min. Time-activity curves for liver, intestine, and kidney were obtained and corrected for vascular content prior to noncompartmental and compartmental (five-compartment model) analysis. Results: The majority of the [¹¹C]-RSV dose was distributed into the liver. In the presence of RIF, the area under the [¹¹C]-RSV radioactivity blood concentration-time profile (AUC_{0-90 min}) was increased by ∼3-fold. Relative to the control animals, RIF reduced the distribution of [¹¹C]-RSV radioactivity into the liver and kidney (tissue AUC_{0-15 min}/blood AUC_{0-15 min}) by 54% and 73% respectively. Compartmental modeling showed that RIF decreased CL_BL, CL_LI, CL_BK, and CL_K0 but had no effect on CL_LB, where B, L, I, K, and 0 represent blood, liver, intestine, kidney, and irreversible loss. Conclusion: [¹¹C]-RSV can be used to dynamically and noninvasively quantify hepatobiliary transport and hepatic concentration of the drug, in the absence and presence of drug interactions, in rats and could be used for the same purpose in humans.