Optimization of xanthones for antimalarial activity: The 3,6-bis-ω-diethylaminoalkoxyxanthone series

J. X. Kelly, R. Winter, D. H. Peyton, D. J. Hinrichs, M. Riscoe

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

64 Scopus citations

Abstract

Hydroxyxanthones have been identified as novel antimalarial agents. The compounds are believed to exert their activity by complexation to heme and inhibition of hemozoin formation. Modification of the xanthone structure was pursued to improve their antimalarial activity. Attachment of R-groups bearing protonatable nitrogen atoms was conducted to enhance heme affinity through ionic interactions with the propionate side chains of the metalloporphyrin and to facilitate drug accumulation in the parasite food vacuole. A series of 3,6-bis-ω-diethylaminoalkoxyxanthones with side chains ranging from 2 to 8 carbon atoms were prepared and evaluated. Measurement of heme affinity for each of the derivatives revealed a strong correlation (R2 = 0.97) between affinity and antimalarial potency. The two most active compounds in the series contained 5- and 6-carbon side chains and exhibited low nanomolar 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values against strains of chloroquine-susceptible and multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Both of these xanthones exhibit stronger heme affinity (8.26 x 105 and 9.02 x 105M-1, respectively) than either chloroquine or quinine under similar conditions and appear to complex heme in a unique manner.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)144-150
Number of pages7
JournalAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Volume46
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 2002
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Pharmacology
  • Pharmacology (medical)
  • Infectious Diseases

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Optimization of xanthones for antimalarial activity: The 3,6-bis-ω-diethylaminoalkoxyxanthone series'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this