Nucleolar organizer regions in iris nevi and melanomas

The silver staining of nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins is an objective method that has been used to differentiate benign from malignant neoplasms. Recently this method was used to distinguish benign choroidal nevi from malignant choroidal melanomas. We studied 24 iris melanocytic lesions to assess the applicability of this technique for differentiating benign from neoplastic iris tumors. Masked observers determined the number of silver- stained nucleolar organizer region dots per cell for silver-stained specimens. Iris nevi contained a mean of 1.6 silver-stained nucleolar organizer region dots per cell, whereas iris (spindle A and B, spindle B, epithelioid, mixed cell) malignant melanomas contained a mean of at least 3.5 silver-stained nucleolar organizer region dots per cell (P < .0001). All iris nevi demonstrated counts lower than 1.9, whereas all iris melanomas demonstrated counts greater than 2.8. Silver-stained nucleolar organizer region counts were also compared with the clinico-pathologic variables of gender, age, and largest specimen dimension. Only the largest specimen dimension correlated with silver-stained nucleolar organizer region counts (P < .0029). The silver-stained nucleolar organizer region method is a simple technique for differentiating iris nevi from iris melanomas. The silver- stained nucleolar organizer region technique may aid in the assessment and treatment of iris lesions by confirming the malignancy of biopsy specimens.