TY - JOUR
T1 - Non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage as a refinement for safely obtaining high-quality samples from macaques
AU - Moats, Cassandra R.
AU - Randall, Kurt T.
AU - Swanson, Tonya M.
AU - Crank, Hugh B.
AU - Armantrout, Kimberly M.
AU - Barber-Axthelm, Aaron M.
AU - Burnett, Nicole D.
AU - Hobbs, Theodore R.
AU - Martin, Lauren D.
AU - Gilbride, Roxanne M.
AU - Hansen, Scott
AU - Smedley, Jeremy V.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright 2020 by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science.
PY - 2020/12
Y1 - 2020/12
N2 - Nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (NB-BAL) is a minimally invasive diagnostic and research tool used to sample the cells of lower airways and alveoli without using a bronchoscope. Our study compared NB-BAL and bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (B-BAL) in terms of costs, cell yields, and the number of post-procedural complications in macaques. We also analyzed procedure times, BAL fluid volume yields, and vital signs in a subset of animals that underwent NB-BAL. Compared with the B-BAL technique, NB-BAL was less expensive to perform, with fewer complications, fewer animals requiring temporary or permanent cessation of BALs, and higher cell yields per mL of recovered saline. The average procedure time for NB-BAL was 6.8 ± 1.6 min, and the average NB-BAL lavage volume yield was 76 ± 9%. We found no significant differences in respiration rate before, during, or after NB-BAL but did find significant differences in heart rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2). This study demonstrates that NB-BAL is a simple, cost-effective, and safe alternative to B-BAL that results in higher cell yields per mL, improved animal welfare, and fewer missed time points, and thus constitutes a refinement over the B-BAL in macaques.
AB - Nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (NB-BAL) is a minimally invasive diagnostic and research tool used to sample the cells of lower airways and alveoli without using a bronchoscope. Our study compared NB-BAL and bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (B-BAL) in terms of costs, cell yields, and the number of post-procedural complications in macaques. We also analyzed procedure times, BAL fluid volume yields, and vital signs in a subset of animals that underwent NB-BAL. Compared with the B-BAL technique, NB-BAL was less expensive to perform, with fewer complications, fewer animals requiring temporary or permanent cessation of BALs, and higher cell yields per mL of recovered saline. The average procedure time for NB-BAL was 6.8 ± 1.6 min, and the average NB-BAL lavage volume yield was 76 ± 9%. We found no significant differences in respiration rate before, during, or after NB-BAL but did find significant differences in heart rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2). This study demonstrates that NB-BAL is a simple, cost-effective, and safe alternative to B-BAL that results in higher cell yields per mL, improved animal welfare, and fewer missed time points, and thus constitutes a refinement over the B-BAL in macaques.
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U2 - 10.30802/AALAS-CM-99-990066
DO - 10.30802/AALAS-CM-99-990066
M3 - Article
C2 - 33153516
AN - SCOPUS:85098603025
SN - 1532-0820
VL - 70
SP - 520
EP - 525
JO - Comparative Medicine
JF - Comparative Medicine
IS - 6
ER -