Neutrophil CD64 expression distinguishing acute inflammatory autoimmune disease from systemic infections

Antony C. Bakke, Everett Allen, M. Zoe Purtzer, Atul Deodhar

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

12 Scopus citations

Abstract

Common bacterial and opportunistic infections are a major cause of mortality in patients who are immunosuppressed due to treatment with corticosteroids or cytotoxic drugs. Common laboratory tests for infection lack sensitivity and specificity. Therefore a new generation of tests to detect early systemic infections has been suggested. One of these tests measures the up-regulation of a Fc receptor (Fcγ R1, or CD 64) on neutrophils. The Fc receptors on white blood cells are very important for effective phagocytosis of bacteria and are up-regulated during an infection. The clinical utility of quantitative CD64 measurements to differentiate between systemic infection and active autoimmune inflammation was examined in an ongoing study. Patients with systemic infection (n = 26), patients with active autoimmune inflammatory disease (n = 45), patients with vasculitis (n = 4) and controls (n = 20) were studied for neutrophil CD64 expression using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Results from this study concluded that CD64 is up-regulated in systemic infections and some localized infections. Some cases of infection can demonstrate low to intermediate levels of CD64 due to species of bacteria, localized infection and/or length of antibiotic therapy. Ninety-two percent of uninfected patients bind <2000 CD64 antibodies on each neutrophil, while 92% of patients with systemic infections express >2000 CD64 antibodies. These results together with other published studies indicate that quantitative measurement of CD64 is very promising for detection of systemic infection.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)267-275
Number of pages9
JournalClinical and Applied Immunology Reviews
Volume1
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - 2001

Keywords

  • CD64
  • Fc receptor
  • Flow cytometry
  • Neutrophil

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology and Allergy
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

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