@article{012adc8f8a3a49aa8132aa1d35f2259a,
title = "N-Acetylcysteine Use to Prevent Contrast Medium-induced Nephropathy: Premature Phase III Trials",
abstract = "To date there has been no general consensus regarding the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine as a protective therapy against contrast medium-induced nephropathy. Several phase III clinical trials have been conducted without a proper understanding of N-acetylcysteine pharmacology, particularly with regard to first-pass hepatic metabolism. A review was conducted of the literature concerning contrast medium-induced nephropathy and new studies of human N-acetylcysteine pharmacology were performed. After an analysis was performed, it was concluded that further phase I and phase II trials are needed. The efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of contrast medium-induced nephropathy may be demonstrated with the use of higher doses than used in earlier studies, in combination with parenteral administration.",
author = "Stenstrom, {David A.} and Muldoon, {Leslie L.} and Hector Armijo-Medina and Suzanne Watnick and Doolittle, {Nancy D.} and Kaufman, {John A.} and Peterson, {Darryl R.} and Joseph Bubalo and Neuwelt, {Edward A.}",
note = "Funding Information: E.A.N., L.L.M., Oregon Health & Science University, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Department of Veterans Affairs have significant financial interest in Adherex (Durham, NC), a company that may have a commercial interest in the results of this research and technology. This potential conflict of interest was reviewed and managed by the Oregon Health & Science University Integrity Program Oversight Council and the Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center Conflict of Interest in Research Committee. E.A.N. has divested his financial interests in Adherex. This work was supported by a Veterans Administration Merit Review Grant and by National Institutes of Health grants NS33618 and NS44687 from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke to E.A.N. ",
year = "2008",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/j.jvir.2007.11.003",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "19",
pages = "309--318",
journal = "Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology",
issn = "1051-0443",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "3",
}