Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer: Present and future

John Kurhanewicz, Daniel Vigneron, Peter Carroll, Fergus Coakley

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

194 Scopus citations

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this article is to review the current status of advanced MRI techniques based on anatomic, metabolic and physiologic properties of prostate cancer with a focus on their impact in managing prostate cancer patients. RECENT FINDINGS: Prostate cancer can be identified based on reduced T2 signal intensity on MRI, increased choline and decreased citrate and polyamines on magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), decreased diffusivity on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and increased uptake on dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) imaging. All can be obtained within a 60-min 3T magnetic resonance exam. Each complementary method has inherent advantages and disadvantages: T2 MRI has high sensitivity but poor specificity; magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging has high specificity but poor sensitivity; diffusion tensor imaging has high spatial resolution, is the fastest, but sensitivity/specificity needs to be established; dynamic contrast enhanced imaging has high spatial resolution, but requires a gadolinium based contrast agent injection, and sensitivity/specificity needs to be established. SUMMARY: The best characterization of prostate cancer in individual patients will most likely result from a multiparametric (MRI/MRSI/DTI/DCE) exam using 3T magnetic resonance scanners but questions remain as to how to analyze and display this large amount of imaging data, and how to optimally combine the data for the most accurate assessment of prostate cancer. Histological correlations or clinical outcomes are required to determine sensitivity/specificity for each method and optimal combinations of these approaches.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)71-77
Number of pages7
JournalCurrent Opinion in Urology
Volume18
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2008
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Diffusion tensor imaging
  • Dynamic contrast imaging
  • Magnetic resonance imaging
  • Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
  • Prostate cancer

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Urology

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