@article{c8d8a7b8c3534e4cb2556e721cad186b,
title = "Multicenter Clinicopathologic Correlation of Kidney Biopsies Performed in COVID-19 Patients Presenting With Acute Kidney Injury or Proteinuria",
abstract = "Rationale & Objective: Kidney biopsy data inform us about pathologic processes associated with infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We conducted a multicenter evaluation of kidney biopsy findings in living patients to identify various kidney disease pathology findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Study Design: Case series. Setting & Participants: We identified 14 native and 3 transplant kidney biopsies performed for cause in patients with documented recent or concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection treated at 7 large hospital systems in the United States. Observations: Men and women were equally represented in this case series, with a higher proportion of Black (n = 8) and Hispanic (n = 5) patients. All 17 patients had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, but only 3 presented with severe COVID-19 symptoms. Acute kidney injury (n = 15) and proteinuria (n = 11) were the most common indications for biopsy and these symptoms developed concurrently or within 1 week of COVID-19 symptoms in all patients. Acute tubular injury (n = 14), collapsing glomerulopathy (n = 7), and endothelial injury/thrombotic microangiopathy (n = 6) were the most common histologic findings. 2 of the 3 transplant recipients developed active antibody-mediated rejection weeks after COVID-19. 8 patients required dialysis, but others improved with conservative management. Limitations: Small study size and short clinical follow-up. Conclusions: Cases of even symptomatically mild COVID-19 were accompanied by acute kidney injury and/or heavy proteinuria that prompted a diagnostic kidney biopsy. Although acute tubular injury was seen among most of them, uncommon pathology such as collapsing glomerulopathy and acute endothelial injury were detected, and most of these patients progressed to irreversible kidney injury and dialysis.",
keywords = "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), acute kidney injury (AKI), allograft biopsy, antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), case series, collapsing glomerulopathy, kidney biopsy, renal complications of COVID-19, renal pathology, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), thrombotic microangiopathy",
author = "Shreeram Akilesh and Nast, {Cynthia C.} and Michifumi Yamashita and Kammi Henriksen and Vivek Charu and Troxell, {Megan L.} and Neeraja Kambham and Erika Bracamonte and Donald Houghton and Ahmed, {Naila I.} and Chong, {Chyi Chyi} and Bijin Thajudeen and Shehzad Rehman and Firas Khoury and Zuckerman, {Jonathan E.} and Jeremy Gitomer and Raguram, {Parthassarathy C.} and Shanza Mujeeb and Ulrike Schwarze and Shannon, {M. Brendan} and {De Castro}, Iris and Alpers, {Charles E.} and Behzad Najafian and Nicosia, {Roberto F.} and Andeen, {Nicole K.} and Smith, {Kelly D.}",
note = "Funding Information: Shreeram Akilesh, MD, PhD, Cynthia C. Nast, MD, Michifumi Yamashita, MD, PhD, Kammi Henriksen, MD, Vivek Charu, MD, PhD, Megan L. Troxell, MD, PhD, Neeraja Kambham, MD, Erika Bracamonte, MD, Donald Houghton, MD, Naila I. Ahmed, MD, Chyi Chyi Chong, MD, Bijin Thajudeen, MD, Shehzad Rehman, MD, Firas Khoury, MD, Jonathan E. Zuckerman, MD, PhD, Jeremy Gitomer, MD, Parthassarathy C. Raguram, MD, Shanza Mujeeb, MD, Ulrike Schwarze, MD, M. Brendan Shannon, MD, Iris De Castro, MD, Charles E. Alpers, MD, Behzad Najafian, MD, Roberto F. Nicosia, MD, PhD, Nicole K. Andeen, MD, and Kelly D. Smith, MD, PhD. Research idea and study design: SA, NKA, KDS; data acquisition: all authors; data analysis/interpretation: all authors; study supervision: SA, NKA, KDS. NKA and KDS contributed equally to this work. Each author contributed important intellectual content during manuscript drafting or revision and agrees to be personally accountable for the individual's own contributions and to ensure that questions pertaining to the accuracy or integrity of any portion of the work, even one in which the author was not directly involved, are appropriately investigated and resolved, including with documentation in the literature if appropriate. None. The authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests. We thank Dr Kimberly Muczynski (University of Washington) for contributing clinical information and follow-up for this series. Received July 21, 2020. Evaluated by 2 external peer reviewers, with direct editorial input from the Pathology Editor, an Associate Editor, and the Editor-in-Chief. Accepted in revised form October 4, 2020. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.10.001",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "77",
pages = "82--93.e1",
journal = "American Journal of Kidney Diseases",
issn = "0272-6386",
publisher = "W.B. Saunders Ltd",
number = "1",
}