Abstract
BACKGROUND - Inflammatory responses contribute to vascular remodeling during tissue repair or ischemia. We hypothesized that inflammatory cell recruitment and endothelial cell activation during vasculogenesis and ischemia-mediated arteriogenesis could be temporally assessed by noninvasive molecular imaging. METHODS AND RESULTS - Contrast ultrasound perfusion imaging and molecular imaging with microbubbles targeted to activated neutrophils, α5-integrins, or vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) were performed in murine models of vasculogenesis (subcutaneous matrigel) or hind-limb ischemia produced by arterial occlusion in wild-type or monocyte chemotactic protein-1-deficient mice. In subcutaneous matrigel plugs, perfusion advanced centripetally between days 3 and 10. On targeted imaging, signal enhancement from α5-integrins and VCAM-1 coincided with the earliest appearance of regional blood flow. Targeted imaging correlated temporally with histological evidence of channel formation by α5-integrin-positive monocytes, followed by the appearance of spindle-shaped cells lining the channels that expressed VCAM-1. In ischemic hind-limb tissue, skeletal muscle blood flow and arteriolar density increased progressively between days 2 and 21 after arterial ligation. Targeted imaging demonstrated early signal enhancement for neutrophils, monocyte α5-integrin, and VCAM-1 at day 2 when blood flow was very low (<20% control). The neutrophil signal declined precipitously between days 2 and 4, whereas VCAM-1 and monocyte signal persisted to day 7. In mice deficient for monocyte chemotactic protein-1, monocyte-targeted signal was severely reduced compared with wild-type mice (1.2±0.6 versus 10.5±8.8 video intensity units on day 4; P<0.05), although flow responses were only mildly impaired. CONCLUSIONS - Different components of the inflammatory response that participate in vascular development and remodeling can be assessed separately with targeted molecular imaging.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 2902-2911 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Circulation |
Volume | 117 |
Issue number | 22 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jun 2008 |
Keywords
- Angiogenesis
- Echocardiography
- Imaging
- Inflammation
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
- Physiology (medical)