@article{1045883ed9fd4ae988076ca79a6bc67d,
title = "Middle Pleistocene subsistence in the Azraq Oasis, Jordan: Protein residue and other proxies",
abstract = "Excavations at Shishan Marsh, a former desert oasis in Azraq, northeast Jordan, reveal a unique ecosystem and provide direct family-specific protein residue evidence of hominin adaptations in an increasingly arid environment approximately 250,000 years ago. Based on lithic, faunal, paleoenvironmental and protein residue data, we conclude that Late Pleistocene hominins were able to subsist in extreme arid environments through a reliance on surprisingly human-like adaptations including a broadened subsistence base, modified tool kit and strategies for predator avoidance and carcass protection.",
keywords = "Azraq, Cross-over immunoelectrophoresis, Jordan, Lithics, Middle Pleistocene, Residue analysis, Shishan marsh",
author = "A. Nowell and C. Walker and Cordova, {C. E.} and Ames, {C. J.H.} and Pokines, {J. T.} and D. Stueber and R. DeWitt and al-Souliman, {A. S.A.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the Department of Antiquities of Jordan and the Azraq Wetland Reserve of the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (Jordan) for permission to conduct our research and for all of their help, Dr. Eric Klaphake at the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo for providing the black rhinoceros serum and Dr. Leah Minc, Oregon State University Radiation Center and Dr. Loren Davis, College of Liberal Arts, Oregon State University for providing use of the Keyence VHX 600 Digital Microscope. We also thank Dr. Michael Bisson, Aktham Oweidi, Ahmad Lash, Wesam Esaid, Hazem Hreisha, Dr. Barbara Porter and the staff at ACOR (Amman), Prof. Iain Davidson, Prof. John Shea, Dr. Melanie L. Chang, Stuart Lipkin, Jeremy Beller, John Murray, Jade de la Paz, Alexandra Maller, Dr. Danielle MacDonald, and Dr. John Fagan for their assistance. Finally, we thank three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and thought-provoking observations and suggestions. The protein residue analysis was conducted at the Residue Analysis Laboratory of Archaeological Investigations Northwest in Portland, OR. The gamma spectrometry measurements for OSL analyses were carried out by Dr. Eric Benton at Oklahoma State University. This research was fully funded by an Insight Grant ( #435-2012-0625 ) from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2016",
month = sep,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.jas.2016.07.013",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "73",
pages = "36--44",
journal = "Journal of Archaeological Science",
issn = "0305-4403",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
}