Metabolic Acidosis and Subclinical Metabolic Acidosis in CKD

Kalani L. Raphael

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

57 Scopus citations

Abstract

Metabolic acidosis is not uncommon in CKD and is linked with bone demineralization, muscle catabolism, and higher risks of CKD progression and mortality. Clinical practice guidelines recommend maintaining serum total CO2 at $22 mEq/L to help prevent these complications. Although a definitive trial testing whether correcting metabolic acidosis improves clinical outcomes has not been conducted, results from small, single-center studies support this notion. Furthermore, biologic plausibility supports the notion that a subset of patients with CKD have acid-mediated organ injury despite having a normal serum total CO2 and might benefit from oral alkali before overt acidosis develops. Identifying these individuals with subclinical metabolic acidosis is challenging, but recent results suggest that urinary acid excretion measurements may be helpful. The dose of alkali to provide in this setting is unknown as well. The review discusses these topics and the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic acidosis, mechanisms of acid-mediated organ injury, results from interventional studies, and potential harms of alkali therapy in CKD.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)376-382
Number of pages7
JournalJournal of the American Society of Nephrology
Volume29
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 2018

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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