TY - JOUR
T1 - Melanopsin-dependent persistence and photopotentiation of murine pupillary light responses
AU - Zhu, Yanli
AU - Tu, Daniel C.
AU - Denner, Darcy
AU - Shane, Thomas
AU - Fitzgerald, Christine M.
AU - Van Gelder, Russell N.
PY - 2007/3
Y1 - 2007/3
N2 - PURPOSE. To determine the relative contributions of inner and outer retinal photoreception to the pupillary light response. METHODS. Wild-type, retinal degenerate (rd/rd), and melanopsin mutant (opn4-/-) mice were tested for pupillary light responsiveness by video pupillometry before, during, and after exposure to supersaturating light intensities. Similar lighting protocols were used to probe responses of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) recorded with multielectrode arrays ex vivo. RESULTS. Both outer retinal photoreceptors (rods and cones) and inner retinal photoreceptors (intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells [ipRGCs]) are sufficient to drive the pupillary light response in mice. After supersaturating light exposure, rather than bleaching or adapting, rd/rd mice showed paradoxical potentiation of responses to subsaturating light exposure. opn4-/- mice, in contrast, could not sustain pupillary constriction under continuous bright illumination, and showed desensitization after bright-light exposure. Both the intensity of light necessary to induce potentiation and the spectral sensitivity for sustained and potentiated responses differed from that necessary to trigger pupillary constriction, suggesting that photopotentiation is dependent on a pigment-state distinct from that triggering the pupillary light response itself. Multielectrode array recordings of ipRGCs from rd/rd retinas demonstrated persistent cell firing under continuous light exposure but did not show potentiation. CONCLUSIONS. Unique photoreceptive properties of intrinsically photosensitive RGCs confer resistance to bleaching and/or adaptation under continuous bright illumination to the pupillary light response and suggest the presence of a photopigment with multiple absorption states.
AB - PURPOSE. To determine the relative contributions of inner and outer retinal photoreception to the pupillary light response. METHODS. Wild-type, retinal degenerate (rd/rd), and melanopsin mutant (opn4-/-) mice were tested for pupillary light responsiveness by video pupillometry before, during, and after exposure to supersaturating light intensities. Similar lighting protocols were used to probe responses of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) recorded with multielectrode arrays ex vivo. RESULTS. Both outer retinal photoreceptors (rods and cones) and inner retinal photoreceptors (intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells [ipRGCs]) are sufficient to drive the pupillary light response in mice. After supersaturating light exposure, rather than bleaching or adapting, rd/rd mice showed paradoxical potentiation of responses to subsaturating light exposure. opn4-/- mice, in contrast, could not sustain pupillary constriction under continuous bright illumination, and showed desensitization after bright-light exposure. Both the intensity of light necessary to induce potentiation and the spectral sensitivity for sustained and potentiated responses differed from that necessary to trigger pupillary constriction, suggesting that photopotentiation is dependent on a pigment-state distinct from that triggering the pupillary light response itself. Multielectrode array recordings of ipRGCs from rd/rd retinas demonstrated persistent cell firing under continuous light exposure but did not show potentiation. CONCLUSIONS. Unique photoreceptive properties of intrinsically photosensitive RGCs confer resistance to bleaching and/or adaptation under continuous bright illumination to the pupillary light response and suggest the presence of a photopigment with multiple absorption states.
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U2 - 10.1167/iovs.06-0925
DO - 10.1167/iovs.06-0925
M3 - Article
C2 - 17325172
AN - SCOPUS:34047246837
SN - 0146-0404
VL - 48
SP - 1268
EP - 1275
JO - Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
JF - Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
IS - 3
ER -