TY - JOUR
T1 - Mechanisms governing PARP expression, localization, and activity in cells
AU - Sanderson, Daniel J.
AU - Cohen, Michael S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2020/12
Y1 - 2020/12
N2 - Poly-(ADP)-ribose polymerases (PARPs) are a family of 17 enzymes in humans that have diverse roles in cell physiology including DNA damage repair, transcription, innate immunity, and regulation of signaling pathways. The modular domain architecture of PARPs gives rise to this functional diversity. PARPs catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to targets—proteins and poly-nucleic acids. This enigmatic post-translational modification comes in two varieties: the transfer of a single unit of ADP-ribose, known as mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation) or the transfer of multiple units of ADP-ribose, known as poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation). Emerging data shows that PARPs are regulated at multiple levels to control when and where PARP-mediated M/PARylation occurs in cells. In this review, we will discuss the latest knowledge regarding the regulation of PARPs in cells: from transcription and protein stability to subcellular localization and modulation of catalytic activity.
AB - Poly-(ADP)-ribose polymerases (PARPs) are a family of 17 enzymes in humans that have diverse roles in cell physiology including DNA damage repair, transcription, innate immunity, and regulation of signaling pathways. The modular domain architecture of PARPs gives rise to this functional diversity. PARPs catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to targets—proteins and poly-nucleic acids. This enigmatic post-translational modification comes in two varieties: the transfer of a single unit of ADP-ribose, known as mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation) or the transfer of multiple units of ADP-ribose, known as poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation). Emerging data shows that PARPs are regulated at multiple levels to control when and where PARP-mediated M/PARylation occurs in cells. In this review, we will discuss the latest knowledge regarding the regulation of PARPs in cells: from transcription and protein stability to subcellular localization and modulation of catalytic activity.
KW - ADP-ribosylation
KW - MARylation
KW - PARylation; allosteric activation
KW - Poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase
KW - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85091313742&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85091313742&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/10409238.2020.1818686
DO - 10.1080/10409238.2020.1818686
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32962438
AN - SCOPUS:85091313742
SN - 1040-9238
VL - 55
SP - 541
EP - 554
JO - Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
JF - Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
IS - 6
ER -