TY - JOUR
T1 - Limited clinical utility of a genetic risk score for the prediction of fracture risk in elderly subjects
AU - Eriksson, Joel
AU - Evans, Daniel S.
AU - Nielson, Carrie M.
AU - Shen, Jian
AU - Srikanth, Priya
AU - Hochberg, Marc
AU - McWeeney, Shannon
AU - Cawthon, Peggy M.
AU - Wilmot, Beth
AU - Zmuda, Joseph
AU - Tranah, Greg
AU - Mirel, Daniel B.
AU - Challa, Sashi
AU - Mooney, Michael
AU - Crenshaw, Andrew
AU - Karlsson, Magnus
AU - Mellström, Dan
AU - Vandenput, Liesbeth
AU - Orwoll, Eric
AU - Ohlsson, Claes
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
PY - 2015/1/1
Y1 - 2015/1/1
N2 - It is important to identify the patients at highest risk of fractures. A recent large-scale meta-Analysis identified 63 autosomal singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with bone mineral density (BMD), of which 16 were also associated with fracture risk. Based on these findings, two genetic risk scores (GRS63 and GRS16) were developed. Our aim was to determine the clinical usefulness of these GRSs for the prediction of BMD, BMD change, and fracture risk in elderly subjects. We studied two male (Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study [MrOS] US, MrOS Sweden) and one female (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures [SOF]) large prospective cohorts of older subjects, looking at BMD, BMD change, and radiographically and/or medically confirmed incident fractures (8067 subjects, 2185 incident nonvertebral or vertebral fractures). GRS63 was associated with BMD (≅3% of the variation explained) but not with BMD change. Both GRS63 and GRS16 were associated with fractures. After BMD adjustment, the effect sizes for these associations were substantially reduced. Similar results were found using an unweighted GRS63 and an unweighted GRS16 compared with those found using the corresponding weighted risk scores. Only minor improvements in C-statistics (AUC) for fractures were found when the GRSs were added to a base model (age, weight, and height), and no significant improvements in C-statistics were found when they were added to a model further adjusted for BMD. Net reclassification improvements with the addition of the GRSs to a base model were modest and substantially attenuated in BMD-Adjusted models. GRS63 is associated with BMD, but not BMD change, suggesting that the genetic determinants of BMD differ from those of BMD change. When BMD is known, the clinical utility of the two GRSs for fracture prediction is limited in elderly subjects.
AB - It is important to identify the patients at highest risk of fractures. A recent large-scale meta-Analysis identified 63 autosomal singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with bone mineral density (BMD), of which 16 were also associated with fracture risk. Based on these findings, two genetic risk scores (GRS63 and GRS16) were developed. Our aim was to determine the clinical usefulness of these GRSs for the prediction of BMD, BMD change, and fracture risk in elderly subjects. We studied two male (Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study [MrOS] US, MrOS Sweden) and one female (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures [SOF]) large prospective cohorts of older subjects, looking at BMD, BMD change, and radiographically and/or medically confirmed incident fractures (8067 subjects, 2185 incident nonvertebral or vertebral fractures). GRS63 was associated with BMD (≅3% of the variation explained) but not with BMD change. Both GRS63 and GRS16 were associated with fractures. After BMD adjustment, the effect sizes for these associations were substantially reduced. Similar results were found using an unweighted GRS63 and an unweighted GRS16 compared with those found using the corresponding weighted risk scores. Only minor improvements in C-statistics (AUC) for fractures were found when the GRSs were added to a base model (age, weight, and height), and no significant improvements in C-statistics were found when they were added to a model further adjusted for BMD. Net reclassification improvements with the addition of the GRSs to a base model were modest and substantially attenuated in BMD-Adjusted models. GRS63 is associated with BMD, but not BMD change, suggesting that the genetic determinants of BMD differ from those of BMD change. When BMD is known, the clinical utility of the two GRSs for fracture prediction is limited in elderly subjects.
KW - Dxa
KW - Fracture risk assessment
KW - General population studies
KW - Human association studies
KW - Osteoporosis
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U2 - 10.1002/jbmr.2314
DO - 10.1002/jbmr.2314
M3 - Article
C2 - 25043339
AN - SCOPUS:84919918723
SN - 0884-0431
VL - 30
SP - 184
EP - 194
JO - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
JF - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
IS - 1
ER -