@article{1091efcfb9824eb38be489d00c4d6529,
title = "Innovative growth and development of a neurological surgery residency cadaveric skull base simulation training program: A single institution experience",
abstract = "Objective: Neurosurgical cadaveric and simulation training is a valuable opportunity for residents and fellows to develop as neurosurgeons, further neuroanatomy knowledge, and develop decision-making and technical expertise. The authors describe the growth and development of Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) Department of Neurological Surgery (NSG) resident hands-on simulation skull base course and provide details of course layout and setup. Methods: A three-part surgical simulation series was created to provide training in cadaveric skull base procedures. Course objectives were outlined for participants. Residents participated in NSG hands-on simulation courses (years 2015–2020) and completed annual course curriculum and anonymous course evaluations, which included free text reviews. Courses were evaluated by Likert scale analysis within Python, and free text was quantified using Valence Aware Dictionary for sEntiment Reasoning (VADER). Descriptive statistics were calculated and plotted using Python's Seaborn and Matplotlib library modules. Results: Analysis included 162 skull base (anterior fossa, middle fossa and lateral, and endoscopic endonasal-based) simulation course evaluations. Resident responses were overwhelmingly positive. Likert responses demonstrated high average responses for each question (4.62 ± 0.56 and above). A positive attitude about simulation courses is supported by an average compound sentiment value of 0.558 ± 0.285. Conclusion: This is the first time Likert responses and sentiment analysis have been used to demonstrate how neurosurgical residents view a comprehensive, multi-year hands-on simulation training program. We hope the information presented serves as a guide for other institutions to develop their own residency educational curriculum in cadaveric skull base procedures.",
keywords = "Cadaveric, Learners, Neurological Surgery, Neurosurgery, Residents, Simulation, Trainees",
author = "Pang, {Brandi W.} and Obayashi, {James {\textquoteleft}Obi{\textquoteright}} and Bryan Schreiner and Robert Unger and Shirley McCartney and Jackie Dingman and Selden, {Nathan R.} and Cetas, {Justin S.} and Aclan Dogan and Ciporen, {Jeremy N.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the OHSU Department of Neurological Surgery faculty and education and grant awards team, VirtuOHSU staff and leadership, OHSU Body Donation Program staff and leadership, Ann Mitchell, Operating Room Stereotactic Surgery Coordinator, and the OHSU Department of Radiology staff, faculty, and leadership, for their efforts in support of courses and course development over time. Liliana Diaz prepared the course maps and supporting documentation. Tissue preservation method used was a variation of the method developed by Adel El-Nashar, MD, University of Minnesota, Neuroanatomy, in 2013. The skull base simulation course objectives and curriculum were developed over time by Nathan R. Selden, Justin S. Cetas, Aclan Dogan, and Jeremy N. Ciporen. Course materials and event coordination was provided with assistance from Jackie Dingman. Lead author Brandi W. Pang, drafted the initial manuscript with mentorship provided by Jeremy N. Ciporen. Brandi W. Pang and James {\textquoteleft}Obi{\textquoteright} Obayashi acquired and analyzed data and contributed to statistical analysis. Author James {\textquoteleft}Obi{\textquoteright} Obayashi completed the sentiment analysis. Bryan Schreiner and Robert Unger, provided guidance and input on course set up and execution, with administrative and technical support. All authors critically revised drafts and assisted with manuscript preparation. All authors approved the final manuscript review. Jeremy N. Ciporen provided overall supervision. All other authors agree and attest that the deceased author (Justin S. Cetas, MD, PhD; deceased Wednesday, July 13, 2022) meets the definition of authorship. Funding Information: The OHSU Department of Neurological Surgery was in receipt of industry education grant funding and in-kind support from Brainlab AG, DePuy Synthes, Globus Medical, Integra LifeSciences, Medtronic, NuVasive{\textregistered}, Inc., {\textcopyright}Stryker, and KARL STORZ Endoscopy-America, Inc. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023",
year = "2023",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107585",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "225",
journal = "Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery",
issn = "0303-8467",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}