TY - JOUR
T1 - Influence of zinc and iron enrichments on phytoplankton growth in the northeastern subarctic Pacific
AU - Crawford, D. W.
AU - Lipsen, M. S.
AU - Purdie, D. A.
AU - Lohan, M. C.
AU - Statham, P. J.
AU - Whitney, F. A.
AU - Putland, J. N.
AU - Johnson, W. K.
AU - Sutherland, N.
AU - Peterson, T. D.
AU - Harrison, P. J.
AU - Wong, C. S.
PY - 2003/7
Y1 - 2003/7
N2 - Near-surface seawater from the northeastern subarctic Pacific was incubated on deck for 8 d, supplemented with (1) control, no additions (2) +Zn (3) +Fe (4) +Zn+Fe. Concentrations of total Zn and Fe at time zero (to) and in the control remained at ∼0.1-0.2 nmol L-1. In the control, chlorophyll (<0.3 mg m-3), 14C uptake into POC and PIC, and inorganic nutrients all remained relatively constant. Addition of Zn slightly but significantly increased chlorophyll (p < 0.05), decreased phosphate (p < 0.01) and nitrate (p < 0.05), and in P versus E experiments, increased Pm > 10-fold and Pmchl 2-3-fold. The abundance of small diatoms and coccolithophores was higher in the +Zn treatment compared to the control. The +Fe and +Zn+Fe treatments, compared to the control, both showed >10-fold increases in chlorophyll and 14C uptake into POC and PIC and complete removal of nitrate (≤0.2 mmol m-3). However, differences were observed in size-fractionated data; the +Zn+Fe treatment had significantly lower percent chlorophyll in the >20-μm fraction (p < 0.01) and a higher percentage in the 0.2-5-μm fraction (p < 0.01) than the +Fe treatment. In P versus E experiments, both +Fe treatments increased Pm and α around 100-fold and Pmchl and αchl by 5-10-fold compared to the control. The +Fe treatment showed a slightly higher αchl and slightly lower Pmchl than the +Zn+Fe treatment. Abundance of large diatoms, small diatoms, small flagellates, and coccolithophores all increased substantially (∼7-1,000-fold) in response to Fe addition, whereas dinoflagellate abundance only doubled. The +Zn+Fe treatment had higher abundances of small diatoms and small flagellates than the +Fe treatment. We conclude that Zn additions had limited influence on conventional indices of phytoplankton growth compared to Fe, but that there might be subtle influences of Zn that require further attention.
AB - Near-surface seawater from the northeastern subarctic Pacific was incubated on deck for 8 d, supplemented with (1) control, no additions (2) +Zn (3) +Fe (4) +Zn+Fe. Concentrations of total Zn and Fe at time zero (to) and in the control remained at ∼0.1-0.2 nmol L-1. In the control, chlorophyll (<0.3 mg m-3), 14C uptake into POC and PIC, and inorganic nutrients all remained relatively constant. Addition of Zn slightly but significantly increased chlorophyll (p < 0.05), decreased phosphate (p < 0.01) and nitrate (p < 0.05), and in P versus E experiments, increased Pm > 10-fold and Pmchl 2-3-fold. The abundance of small diatoms and coccolithophores was higher in the +Zn treatment compared to the control. The +Fe and +Zn+Fe treatments, compared to the control, both showed >10-fold increases in chlorophyll and 14C uptake into POC and PIC and complete removal of nitrate (≤0.2 mmol m-3). However, differences were observed in size-fractionated data; the +Zn+Fe treatment had significantly lower percent chlorophyll in the >20-μm fraction (p < 0.01) and a higher percentage in the 0.2-5-μm fraction (p < 0.01) than the +Fe treatment. In P versus E experiments, both +Fe treatments increased Pm and α around 100-fold and Pmchl and αchl by 5-10-fold compared to the control. The +Fe treatment showed a slightly higher αchl and slightly lower Pmchl than the +Zn+Fe treatment. Abundance of large diatoms, small diatoms, small flagellates, and coccolithophores all increased substantially (∼7-1,000-fold) in response to Fe addition, whereas dinoflagellate abundance only doubled. The +Zn+Fe treatment had higher abundances of small diatoms and small flagellates than the +Fe treatment. We conclude that Zn additions had limited influence on conventional indices of phytoplankton growth compared to Fe, but that there might be subtle influences of Zn that require further attention.
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U2 - 10.4319/lo.2003.48.4.1583
DO - 10.4319/lo.2003.48.4.1583
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0043073249
SN - 0024-3590
VL - 48
SP - 1583
EP - 1600
JO - Limnology and Oceanography
JF - Limnology and Oceanography
IS - 4
ER -