@article{8c89dd5e6c8a463a9eea8316e8337ecf,
title = "Identification of the antifungal peptide-containing symbiont of the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei as a novel δ-proteobacterium, {"}Candidatus Entotheonella palauensis{"}",
abstract = "The Palauan sponge Theonella swinhoei (class Demospongiae, order Lithistida, family Theonellidae) harbors filamentous bacterial symbionts that contain theopalauamide, an antifungal, bicyclic glycopeptide. In this study, the filamentous symbionts were shown to be novel bacteria belonging to the δ-subdivision of proteobacteria. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was determined using a combination of denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and specific polymerase chain-reaction (PCR) primers, and its source was confirmed by in situ hybridization. In a series of culture experiments, the filamentous bacteria were propagated in a mixed culture on agar plates. Related 16S rRNA gene sequences were isolated from related sponges with slightly different chemistry. The taxonomic status {"}Candidatus Entotheonella palauensis{"} is proposed for the theopalauamide-containing filamentous bacteria from T. swinhoei.",
author = "Schmidt, {E. W.} and Obraztsova, {A. Y.} and Davidson, {S. K.} and Faulkner, {D. J.} and Haygood, {M. G.}",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements Initial molecular biology investigations were performed by D. Bartlett and L. Palenkar. We thank F. Azam for the use of the DGGE apparatus. M. Ferris, U. Hentschel, D. Parker, R. Lewin, R. Long, and G. Toledo provided helpful conversations. The governments of the Philippines and Palau provided collecting permits, and field work was assisted by staff and students of Silliman University, Philippines, and staff of the Coral Reef Research Foundation, Palau. The sponges were identified by M.K. Harper. This work was funded by NSF Grant CHE-9527064 and by an unrestricted gift from Monsanto Company. This work was also funded in part by a grant from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, under Grant No. NA36RG0537, Project No. RMP-61, through the California Sea Grant College System, and in part by the California State Resources Agency. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute for governmental purposes. The experiments comply with the current laws of the United States of America.",
year = "2000",
doi = "10.1007/s002270000273",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "136",
pages = "969--977",
journal = "Marine Biology",
issn = "0025-3162",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
number = "6",
}