Horizontal vestibuloocular reflex evoked by high-acceleration rotations in the squirrel monkey. I. Normal responses

Lloyd B. Minor, David M. Lasker, Douglas D. Backous, Timothy E. Hullar

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

166 Scopus citations

Abstract

The horizontal angular vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) evoked by high- frequency, high-acceleration rotations was studied in five squirrel monkeys with intact vestibular function. The VOR evoked by steps of acceleration in darkness (3,000°/s2 reaching a velocity of 150°/s) began after a latency of 7.3 ± 1.5 ms (mean ± SD). Gain of the reflex during the acceleration was 14.2 ± 5.2% greater than that measured once the plateau head velocity had been reached. A polynomial regression was used to analyze the trajectory of the responses to steps of acceleration. A better representation of the data was obtained from a polynomial that included a cubic term in contrast to an exclusively linear fit. For sinusoidal rotations of 0.5-15 Hz with a peak velocity of 20%, the VOR gain measured 0.83 ± 0.06 and did not vary across frequencies or animals. The phase of these responses was close to compensatory except at 15 Hz where a lag of 5.0 ± 0.9°was noted. The VOR gain did not vary with head velocity at 0.5 Hz but increased with velocity for rotations ar frequencies of >4 Hz (0.85 ± 0.04 at 4 Hz, 20°/s; 1.01 ± 0.05 al 100°/s, P < 0.0001). No responses to these rotations were noted in two animals that had undergone bilateral labyrinthectomy indicating that inertia of the eye had a negligible effect for these stimuli. We developed a mathematical model of VOR dynamics to account for these findings. The inputs to the reflex come from linear and nonlinear pathways. The linear pathway is responsible for the constant gain across frequencies at peak head velocity of 20°/s and also for the phase lag at higher frequencies being less than that expected based on the reflex delay. The frequency- and velocity-dependent nonlinearity in VOR gain is accounted for by the dynamics of the nonlinear pathway. A transfer function that increases the gain of this pathway with frequency and a term related to the third power of head velocity are used to represent the dynamics of this pathway. This model accounts for the experimental findings and provides a method for interpreting responses to these stimuli after vestibular lesions.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1254-1270
Number of pages17
JournalJournal of neurophysiology
Volume82
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - 1999
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Neuroscience
  • Physiology

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