TY - JOUR
T1 - Herpesviruses in Abscesses and Cellulitis of Endodontic Origin
AU - Chen, Vicky
AU - Chen, Yanwen
AU - Li, Hong
AU - Kent, Karla
AU - Baumgartner, J. Craig
AU - Machida, Curtis A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by research funds from the American Association of Endodontists Foundation (fellowship award to HL) and the Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute [OCTRI; grant number UL1 RR024140 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research]. VC was a 2007 OCTRI Student Research Fellow and is a 2008 OSLER Student Research Fellow. YC is a 2008 OCTRI Summer Research Fellow. KK, JCB, and CAM are supported with funds provided by the OHSU School of Dentistry. The authors thank Drs. Tom Shearer and Jack Clinton for their encouragement and support. The authors thank Rebecca Sauerwein, Ying Bai, Tyler Finlayson, and Jennifer Kimmell for their technical assistance during various phases of this project, and for their encouragement and generous provision of time and ideas.
PY - 2009/2
Y1 - 2009/2
N2 - Acute apical abscesses and cellulitis are severe endodontic diseases caused by opportunistic bacteria with possible coinfection with latent herpesviruses. The objectives of this study are to identify herpesviruses, including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), and Varicella zoster virus (VZV) in patients (n = 31) presenting with acute apical abscesses and cellulitis of endodontic origin. Primary and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted using virus-specific primers and DNA isolated from cell-free abscess fluid. From patients exhibiting concurrent spontaneous pain (n = 28), nine abscesses contained HCMV, two abscesses contained EBV, one abscess contained HSV-1, and no abscesses contained VZV. Control PCR using genomic or recombinant templates showed detection limits to a single genomic copy of HCMV, 100 genomic copies for EBV, and 1 to 10 copies for HSV-1 with no cross-amplification between herpesviral DNA targets. Nested PCR was required for detection of herpesviral DNA in the abscess specimens, indicating that these viruses were present in low copy number. Filtration of abscess specimens and virus transfer experiments using human fibroblastic MRC-5 cells confirmed the presence of HCMV particles in several abscess specimens. We conclude that herpesviruses are present but not required for the development of acute apical abscesses and cellulitis of endodontic origin.
AB - Acute apical abscesses and cellulitis are severe endodontic diseases caused by opportunistic bacteria with possible coinfection with latent herpesviruses. The objectives of this study are to identify herpesviruses, including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), and Varicella zoster virus (VZV) in patients (n = 31) presenting with acute apical abscesses and cellulitis of endodontic origin. Primary and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted using virus-specific primers and DNA isolated from cell-free abscess fluid. From patients exhibiting concurrent spontaneous pain (n = 28), nine abscesses contained HCMV, two abscesses contained EBV, one abscess contained HSV-1, and no abscesses contained VZV. Control PCR using genomic or recombinant templates showed detection limits to a single genomic copy of HCMV, 100 genomic copies for EBV, and 1 to 10 copies for HSV-1 with no cross-amplification between herpesviral DNA targets. Nested PCR was required for detection of herpesviral DNA in the abscess specimens, indicating that these viruses were present in low copy number. Filtration of abscess specimens and virus transfer experiments using human fibroblastic MRC-5 cells confirmed the presence of HCMV particles in several abscess specimens. We conclude that herpesviruses are present but not required for the development of acute apical abscesses and cellulitis of endodontic origin.
KW - Acute apical abscess
KW - Epstein-Barr virus
KW - Varicella zoster virus
KW - apical periodontitis
KW - cellulitis
KW - endodontic infections
KW - herpes simplex virus
KW - herpesviruses
KW - human cytomegalovirus
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=58249119889&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=58249119889&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.joen.2008.11.018
DO - 10.1016/j.joen.2008.11.018
M3 - Article
C2 - 19166769
AN - SCOPUS:58249119889
SN - 0099-2399
VL - 35
SP - 182
EP - 188
JO - Journal of endodontics
JF - Journal of endodontics
IS - 2
ER -