@article{26f9a882e6cd4732b40d0bd21666a08f,
title = "Glutamine Sensitivity Analysis Identifies the xCT Antiporter as a Common Triple-Negative Breast Tumor Therapeutic Target",
abstract = "A handful of tumor-derived cell lines form the mainstay of cancer therapeutic development, yielding drugs with an impact typically measured as months to disease progression. To develop more effective breast cancer therapeutics and more readily understand their clinical impact, we constructed a functional metabolic portrait of 46 independently derived breast cell lines. Our analysis of glutamine uptake and dependence identified a subset of triple-negative samples that are glutamine auxotrophs. Ambient glutamine indirectly supports environmental cystine acquisition via the xCT antiporter, which is expressed on one-third of triple-negative tumors invivo. xCT inhibition with the clinically approved anti-inflammatory sulfasalazine decreases tumor growth, revealing a therapeutic target in breast tumors of poorest prognosis and a lead compound for rapid, effective drug development.",
author = "Timmerman, {Luika A.} and Thomas Holton and Mariia Yuneva and Louie, {Raymond J.} and Merc{\`e} Padr{\'o} and Anneleen Daemen and Min Hu and Chan, {Denise A.} and Ethier, {Stephen P.} and van'tVeer, {Laura J.} and Kornelia Polyak and Frank McCormick and Gray, {Joe W.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the UCSF/Gladstone Genome Core for microarray dataset generation; T. Cowan, Stanford Biochemical Genetics Laboratory for HPLC amino acid analysis; R. Higashi, CREAM, University of Louisville, for mass spectrometry; the UCSF Preclinical Therapeutics Core for xenografts; and D. Albertson, T. Tlsty, J. Korkola, and W. Kinlaw for valuable manuscript critiques. Support was provided by the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bay Area Breast Cancer SPORE (P50 CA 58207), grant U54 CA 112970, the Prospect Creek Foundation, the Durra Family Fund, the Mount Zion Health Fund, and a Supporting Foundation of the Jewish Community Federation. ",
year = "2013",
month = oct,
day = "14",
doi = "10.1016/j.ccr.2013.08.020",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "24",
pages = "450--465",
journal = "Cancer Cell",
issn = "1535-6108",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "4",
}