TY - JOUR
T1 - Ginkgo biloba for the improvement of cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis
T2 - A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
AU - Lovera, Jesus
AU - Bagert, B.
AU - Smoot, K.
AU - Morris, C. D.
AU - Frank, R.
AU - Bogardus, K.
AU - Wild, K.
AU - Oken, B.
AU - Whitham, Ruth
AU - Bourdette, D.
PY - 2007/4
Y1 - 2007/4
N2 - Objectives: To determine if Ginkgo biloba (GB) improves the cognitive performance of subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of GB, 120 mg twice a day or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were: the long delay free recall from the California Verbal Learning Test-II; the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, the Controlled Oral Word Association Test; the Symbol Digit Modalities Test; Useful Field of View Test; and the color-word interference condition from the Stroop Color and Word Test. Results: On completion, the GB group (n = 20) was 4.5 seconds (95% confidence interval (Cl) (7.6, 0.9), P =0.015) faster than the placebo group (n = 18) on the color-word interference condition of the Stroop test. Subjects who were more impaired at baseline experienced more improvement with GB (treatment*baseline interaction, F=8.10, P=0.008). We found no differences on the other neuropsychological tests. Subjects on GB reported fewer cognitive difficulties in the Retrospective Memory Scale of the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire than subjects on placebo (1.5 points, 95% Cl (2.6, 0.3), P = 0.016). No serious drug related side-effects occurred and GB did not alter platelet function assays. Conclusion: Overall, GB did not show a statistically significant improvement in cognitive function. A treatment effect trend, limited to the Stroop test, suggests that GB may have an effect on cognitive domains assessed by this test, such as susceptibility to interference and mental flexibility.
AB - Objectives: To determine if Ginkgo biloba (GB) improves the cognitive performance of subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of GB, 120 mg twice a day or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were: the long delay free recall from the California Verbal Learning Test-II; the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, the Controlled Oral Word Association Test; the Symbol Digit Modalities Test; Useful Field of View Test; and the color-word interference condition from the Stroop Color and Word Test. Results: On completion, the GB group (n = 20) was 4.5 seconds (95% confidence interval (Cl) (7.6, 0.9), P =0.015) faster than the placebo group (n = 18) on the color-word interference condition of the Stroop test. Subjects who were more impaired at baseline experienced more improvement with GB (treatment*baseline interaction, F=8.10, P=0.008). We found no differences on the other neuropsychological tests. Subjects on GB reported fewer cognitive difficulties in the Retrospective Memory Scale of the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire than subjects on placebo (1.5 points, 95% Cl (2.6, 0.3), P = 0.016). No serious drug related side-effects occurred and GB did not alter platelet function assays. Conclusion: Overall, GB did not show a statistically significant improvement in cognitive function. A treatment effect trend, limited to the Stroop test, suggests that GB may have an effect on cognitive domains assessed by this test, such as susceptibility to interference and mental flexibility.
KW - Cognition
KW - Double-blind method
KW - Gibkgo biloba
KW - Multiple sclerosis
KW - Neuropsychological tests
KW - Placebos
KW - Quality of life
KW - Randomized controlled trials
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U2 - 10.1177/1352458506071213
DO - 10.1177/1352458506071213
M3 - Article
C2 - 17439907
AN - SCOPUS:34248140642
SN - 1352-4585
VL - 13
SP - 376
EP - 385
JO - Multiple Sclerosis
JF - Multiple Sclerosis
IS - 3
ER -