Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of peripheral blood reveals an epigenetic signature associated with severe COVID-19

Michael J. Corley, Alina P.S. Pang, Kush Dody, Philip A. Mudd, Bruce K. Patterson, Harish Seethamraju, Yaron Bram, Michael J. Peluso, Leonel Torres, Nikita S. Iyer, Thomas A. Premeaux, Stephen T. Yeung, Vasuretha Chandar, Alain Borczuk, Robert E. Schwartz, Timothy J. Henrich, Steven G. Deeks, Jonah B. Sacha, Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

67 Scopus citations

Abstract

The global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly pathogenic RNA virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans. Although most patients with COVID-19 have mild illness and may be asymptomatic, some will develop severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure, and death. RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 are capable of hijacking the epigenetic landscape of host immune cells to evade antiviral defense. Yet, there remain considerable gaps in our understanding of immune cell epigenetic changes associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection pathology. Here, we examined genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 9 terminally-ill, critical COVID-19 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 plasma viremia compared with uninfected, hospitalized influenza, untreated primary HIV infection, and mild/moderate COVID-19 HIV coinfected individuals. Cell-type deconvolution analyses confirmed lymphopenia in severe COVID-19 and revealed a high percentage of estimated neutrophils suggesting perturbations to DNAm associated with granulopoiesis. We observed a distinct DNAm signature of severe COVID-19 characterized by hypermethylation of IFN-related genes and hypomethylation of inflammatory genes, reinforcing observations in infection models and single-cell transcriptional studies of severe COVID-19. Epigenetic clock analyses revealed severe COVID-19 was associated with an increased DNAm age and elevated mortality risk according to GrimAge, further validating the epigenetic clock as a predictor of disease and mortality risk. Our epigenetic results reveal a discovery DNAm signature of severe COVID-19 in blood potentially useful for corroborating clinical assessments, informing pathogenic mechanisms, and revealing new therapeutic targets against SARS-CoV-2.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)21-26
Number of pages6
JournalJournal of Leukocyte Biology
Volume110
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 2021

Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • DNA methylation
  • IFN
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • epigenetics

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Immunology and Allergy
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

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