TY - JOUR
T1 - Genioglossal inspiratory activation
T2 - Central respiratory vs mechanoreceptive influences
AU - Pillar, Giora
AU - Fogel, Robert B.
AU - Malhotra, Atul
AU - Beauregard, Josée
AU - Edwards, Jill K.
AU - Shea, Steven A.
AU - White, David P.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by NIH NCRR GCRC MO1 RR02635, 1 P50 HL60292, RO1 HL48531 and T32 HL07633. In addition, Dr Pillar has received a Fulbright scholarship for his research. Dr Malhotra is supported by grants from the Medical Research Council of Canada and the American Heart Association. The authors wish to thank Dr Shelly Hurwitz for her advice on statistical methods.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - Upper airway dilator muscles are phasically activated during respiration. We assessed the interaction between central respiratory drive and local (mechanoreceptive) influences upon genioglossal (GG) activity throughout inspiration. GGEMG and airway mechanics were measured in 16 awake subjects during baseline spontaneous breathing, increased central respiratory drive (inspiratory resistive loading; IRL), and decreased respiratory drive (hypocapnic negative pressure ventilation), both prior to and following dense upper airway topical anesthesia. Negative epiglottic pressure (Pepi) was significantly correlated with GGEMG across inspiration (i.e. within breaths). Both passive ventilation and IRL led to significant decreases in the sensitivity of the relationship between GGEMG and Pepi (slope GGEMG vs Pepi), but yielded no change in the relationship (correlation) between GGEMG and Pepi. During negative pressure ventilation, pharyngeal resistance increased modestly, but significantly. Anesthesia in all conditions led to decrements in phasic GGEMG, increases in pharyngeal resistance, and decrease in the relationship between Pepi and GGEMG. We conclude that both central output to the GG and local reflex mediated activation are important in maintaining upper airway patency.
AB - Upper airway dilator muscles are phasically activated during respiration. We assessed the interaction between central respiratory drive and local (mechanoreceptive) influences upon genioglossal (GG) activity throughout inspiration. GGEMG and airway mechanics were measured in 16 awake subjects during baseline spontaneous breathing, increased central respiratory drive (inspiratory resistive loading; IRL), and decreased respiratory drive (hypocapnic negative pressure ventilation), both prior to and following dense upper airway topical anesthesia. Negative epiglottic pressure (Pepi) was significantly correlated with GGEMG across inspiration (i.e. within breaths). Both passive ventilation and IRL led to significant decreases in the sensitivity of the relationship between GGEMG and Pepi (slope GGEMG vs Pepi), but yielded no change in the relationship (correlation) between GGEMG and Pepi. During negative pressure ventilation, pharyngeal resistance increased modestly, but significantly. Anesthesia in all conditions led to decrements in phasic GGEMG, increases in pharyngeal resistance, and decrease in the relationship between Pepi and GGEMG. We conclude that both central output to the GG and local reflex mediated activation are important in maintaining upper airway patency.
KW - Control of breathing, central respiratory drive
KW - Mammals, humans
KW - Mechanics of breathing, upper airways
KW - Muscles, genioglossus
KW - Receptors, mechanoreceptors, upper airways
KW - Sleep, apnea
KW - Upper airways, dilator muscles
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U2 - 10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00230-4
DO - 10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00230-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 11445198
AN - SCOPUS:0034938730
SN - 0034-5687
VL - 127
SP - 23
EP - 38
JO - Respiration Physiology
JF - Respiration Physiology
IS - 1
ER -