TY - JOUR
T1 - Genetic events that limit the efficacy of MEK and RTK inhibitor therapies in a mouse model of KRAS-driven pancreatic cancer
AU - Pettazzoni, Piergiorgio
AU - Viale, Andrea
AU - Shah, Parantu
AU - Carugo, Alessandro
AU - Ying, Haoqiang
AU - Wang, Huamin
AU - Genovese, Giannicola
AU - Seth, Sahil
AU - Minelli, Rosalba
AU - Green, Tessa
AU - Huang-Hobbs, Emmet
AU - Corti, Denise
AU - Sanchez, Nora
AU - Nezi, Luigi
AU - Marchesini, Matteo
AU - Kapoor, Avnish
AU - Yao, Wantong
AU - Di Francesco, Maria E.
AU - Petrocchi, Alessia
AU - Deem, Angela K.
AU - Scott, Kenneth
AU - Colla, Simona
AU - Mills, Gordon B.
AU - Fleming, Jason B.
AU - Heffernan, Timothy P.
AU - Jones, Philip
AU - Toniatti, Carlo
AU - Depinho, Ronald A.
AU - Draetta, Giulio F.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
©2015 AACR.
PY - 2015/3/15
Y1 - 2015/3/15
N2 - Mutated KRAS (KRAS∗) is a fundamental driver in the majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). Using an inducible mouse model of KRAS∗-driven PDAC, we compared KRAS∗ genetic extinction with pharmacologic inhibition of MEK1 in tumor spheres and in vivo. KRAS∗ ablation blocked proliferation and induced apoptosis, whereas MEK1 inhibition exerted cytostatic effects. Proteomic analysis evidenced that MEK1 inhibition was accompanied by a sustained activation of the PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway and by the activation of AXL, PDGFRa, and HER1-2 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) expressed in a large proportion of human PDAC samples analyzed. Although single inhibition of each RTK alone or plus MEK1 inhibitors was ineffective, a combination of inhibitors targeting all three coactivated RTKs and MEK1 was needed to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in both mouse and human low-passage PDAC cultures. Importantly, constitutive AKT activation, which may mimic the fraction of AKT2-amplified PDAC, was able to bypass the induction of apoptosis caused by KRAS∗ ablation, highlighting a potential inherent resistance mechanism that may inform the clinical application of MEK inhibitor therapy. This study suggests that combinatorial-targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer must be informed by the activation state of each putative driver in a given treatment context. In addition, our work may offer explanative and predictive power in understanding why inhibitors of EGFR signaling fail in PDAC treatment and how drug resistance mechanisms may arise in strategies to directly target KRAS.
AB - Mutated KRAS (KRAS∗) is a fundamental driver in the majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). Using an inducible mouse model of KRAS∗-driven PDAC, we compared KRAS∗ genetic extinction with pharmacologic inhibition of MEK1 in tumor spheres and in vivo. KRAS∗ ablation blocked proliferation and induced apoptosis, whereas MEK1 inhibition exerted cytostatic effects. Proteomic analysis evidenced that MEK1 inhibition was accompanied by a sustained activation of the PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway and by the activation of AXL, PDGFRa, and HER1-2 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) expressed in a large proportion of human PDAC samples analyzed. Although single inhibition of each RTK alone or plus MEK1 inhibitors was ineffective, a combination of inhibitors targeting all three coactivated RTKs and MEK1 was needed to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in both mouse and human low-passage PDAC cultures. Importantly, constitutive AKT activation, which may mimic the fraction of AKT2-amplified PDAC, was able to bypass the induction of apoptosis caused by KRAS∗ ablation, highlighting a potential inherent resistance mechanism that may inform the clinical application of MEK inhibitor therapy. This study suggests that combinatorial-targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer must be informed by the activation state of each putative driver in a given treatment context. In addition, our work may offer explanative and predictive power in understanding why inhibitors of EGFR signaling fail in PDAC treatment and how drug resistance mechanisms may arise in strategies to directly target KRAS.
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U2 - 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-1854
DO - 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-1854
M3 - Article
C2 - 25736685
AN - SCOPUS:84939832000
SN - 0008-5472
VL - 75
SP - 1091
EP - 1101
JO - Cancer Research
JF - Cancer Research
IS - 6
ER -