Falls and Frailty in Prostate Cancer Survivors: Current, Past, and Never Users of Androgen Deprivation Therapy

Objectives: To compare the prevalence of and association between falls and frailty of prostate cancer survivors (PCSs) who were current, past or never users of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Mail and electronic survey. Participants: PCSs (N = 280; mean age 72 ± 8). Measurements: Cancer history, falls, and frailty status (robust, prefrail, frail) using traditionally defined and obese phenotypes. Results: Current (37%) or past (34%) ADT users were more than twice as likely to have fallen in the previous year as never users (15%) (P =.002). ADT users had twice as many recurrent falls (P <.001) and more fall-related injuries than unexposed men (P =.01). Current (43%) or past (40%) ADT users were more likely to be classified as prefrail or frail than never users (15%) (P <.001), and the prevalence of combined obese frailty + prefrailty was even greater in current (59%) or past (62%) ADT users than never users (25%) (P <.001). Traditional and obese frailty significantly increased the likelihood of reporting falls in the previous year (odds ratio (OR) = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.18–3.94 and OR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.62–5.58, respectively) and was also associated with greater risk of recurrent falls (OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 1.48–6.5 and OR = 3.99, 95% CI = 1.79–8.89, respectively). Conclusions: Current and past exposure to ADT is linked to higher risk of falls and frailty than no treatment. PCSs should be appropriately counseled on fall prevention strategies, and approaches to reduce frailty should be considered.