Experimental osteoarthritis in dogs: A comparison of the Pond-Nuki and medial arthrotomy methods

Lesions induced by transecting the cranial cruciate ligament in two surgical models of osteoarthritis (OA) in mature, male, cross-bred dogs were compared by using an established grading system and alternatives. Previously, we relied on evaluations of lesions in articular cartilage on femurs alone. No statistically significant differences were found between grades for lesions in cartilage when either treated or control joints were compared by surgical method. Because the Pond-Nuki method yielded statistically significant differences between grades for lesions affecting treated and control femurs or tibias, and for some parameters indicative of synovitis, we preferred this method of surgery. Although by using the medial arthrotomy method of surgery, we were able to destabilize the joint in a more consistent manner, significant differences between treated and control joints were found for lesions on tibias, but not femurs, a frequent site for OA in humans. Suggestions are made for enhancing the surgical models and for a more holistic approach to evaluating joints morphologically.