Exchange-influenced T contrast in human brain images measured with adiabatic radio frequency pulses

Shalom Michaeli, Heidi Gröhn, Olli Gröhn, Dennis J. Sorce, Risto Kauppinen, Charles S. Springer, Kâmil Uǧurbil, Michael Garwood

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

53 Scopus citations

Abstract

Transverse relaxation in the rotating frame [T) is the dominant relaxation mechanism during an adiabatic Carr-Purcell (CP) spin-echo pulse sequence when no delays are used between pulses in the CP train. The exchange-induced and dipolar interaction contributions (T2ρ,ex and T2ρ,dd) depend on the modulation functions of the adiabatic pulses used. In this work adiabatic pulses having different modulation functions were utilized to generate T contrast in images of the human occipital lobe at magnetic field of 4 T. T time constants were measured using an adiabatic CP pulse sequence followed by an imaging readout. For these measurements, adiabatic full passage pulses of the hyperbolic secant HSn (n = 1 or 4) family having significantly different amplitude-and frequency-modulation functions were used with no time delays between pulses. A dynamic averaging (DA) mechanism (e.g., chemical exchange and diffusion in the locally different magnetic susceptibilities) alone was insufficient to fully describe differences in brain tissue water proton T time constants. Measurements of the apparent relaxation time constants (T 2†) of brain tissue water as a function of the time between centers of pulses (τcp) at 4 and 7 T permitted separation of the DA contribution from that of dipolar relaxation. The methods presented assess T relaxation influenced by DA in tissue and provide a means to generate T contrast in MRI.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)823-829
Number of pages7
JournalMagnetic Resonance in Medicine
Volume53
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2005

Keywords

  • Adiabatic pulses
  • Carr-Purcell (CP)
  • Relaxation
  • T contrast

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging

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